Vol 57, No 2 (2025)
MONITORING URBAN HABITAT QUALITY BY DETERMINING CHLOROPHYLL AND ANTHOCYANIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PRUNUS CERASIFERA VAR. PISSARDII AND CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES, IN URBAN AND URBAN GREEN AREAS OF TIMISOARA pag. 3-11
Diana Ioana ALEXAN, Nicoleta IANOVICI*, Adina-Daniela DATCUUrban air pollution has a significant impact on plant health, and biomonitoring is an effective method for assessing these effects. Variations in plant pigment content are sensitive to environmental conditions and serve as a crucial parameter for revealing relevant data on urban habitat quality. This study is based on the non-invasive measurement of chlorophyll and anthocyanin pigment contents in the leaves of the ornamental tree species Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii and Catalpa bignonioides. Data were collected using two portable pigment meters: the OPTI-SCIENCES CCM-300 for chlorophyll content and the OPTI-SCIENCES ACM-200plus for anthocyanin content. The aim was to compare pigment concentrations between individuals located in urban areas exposed to traffic pollution and those in urban green areas, in parks in the city of Timișoara, Romania. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii exhibits two adaptive mechanisms in response to urban pollution from road traffic: an increase in chlorophyll pigment concentration and an increase in anthocyanin concentration in foliage, both observed in individuals located in urban areas compared to those in urban green areas. In contrast, Catalpa bignonioides appears to be less resistant, with urban areas individuals showing a tendency to decrease chlorophyll pigment concentrations. This study highlights the importance of using biochemical parameters to monitor the impact of pollution on vegetation and underscores the potential of certain ornamental species as bioindicators of air quality.
more abstractbiomonitoring, portable pigment meters, urban pollution, urban green, anthocyanins, chlorophylls
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DownloadSTUDY ON CHEMICALLY-INDUCED DIET ALTERATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER pag. 12-20
Daniela-Georgiana, CIOBANU, Edina-Bianca, AVRAM, Larisa-Maria, ANTON, Andreea, IOVAN-DAN, Adelina Iuliana, INULESCU, Nicoleta, IANOVICIToxicity assesment of chemical compounds that can end up into the environment is extremely important as chemicals have the ability to enter in biological organisms via different pathways and therefore reshape organisms' development. In vitro tests are successfully used to test chemical compounds, but do not provide an overall insight into the toxic potential they may have once reach a whole organism. Study models validated by repeated research, such as Drosophila melanogaster, are used to perform in vivo tests. One of the most significant parameters for testing the toxicity of compounds on the fruit fly is viability. An effective method to study viability in relation to various exogenous substances is by altering the diet of the test organisms. The main aim of the study is to better understand the impact that some chemicals have on animal organisms and to observe the response of fruit fly to different classes of compounds as seen from the viability perspective. Thus, in order to investigate the effects of chemicals we have altered the culture media by adding either natural compounds (different types of water, phytoestrogens) or synthetic compounds (nanoparticles, pesticides). Our findings suggest that the different types of water do not affect the viability of fuit flies and this has also been proven for nanoparticles. Regarding pesticides and phytoestrogens, there is a decrease in viability percentages in a dose-dependent manner.
more abstractDrosophila melanogaster, natural compounds, synthetic compounds, viability
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DownloadSTATISTICAL CORELATIONS BETWEEN BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR SOME GREEN VEGETABLE JUICES pag. 21-27
Antoanela COZMA1, Ariana VELCIOV1, Sofia POPESCU1, Codruta CHIȘ1 Casiana MIHUT1, Anisoara DUMA COPCEA1, Mihaela PETCU1Natural green plant juices have excellent nutritional properties and many functional qualities being used very often in modern diets. Due to their biological and therapeutic values, these types of juices are considered functional foods having substantial benefits for health and body balance. The therapy with green plant juices improves the physical and emotional state of the body. Natural juices offer the nutritional benefits of components in a concentrated form with the possibility of a very easy and rapid absorption in the human body. In this study natural juices from green apples (Malus domestica), cucumbers (Cucumis Sativus), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), lime and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were analyzed by the point of view of some biophysical characteristics such as density, viscosity, pH, electrical conductivity, surface tension and refractive index. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare these characteristics for five distinct juices samples. All the data was statistically analyzed using Statistica10. The results showed a statistical correlation between the physicochemical parameters for the analyzed types of juices samples. These linear correlations determine the linear dependency between the studied biophysical parameters. In conclusion, plant juices therapy is an effective alternative for cell reconstruction and regeneration to optimal body health. A moderate consumption of green plant juices, as part of a well-balanced daily diet, offers benefits in maintaining good health and reducing the risk of illness.
more abstractnatural green vegetable juices, biophysical characteristics, statistical correlations
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DownloadADAPTING PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MOUNTAINOUS TERRAINS pag. 28-37
Mihai-Ionuț DANCIU1, Vlad RADA2, Adina HORABLAGA2This study explores the adaptation of precision agriculture technologies for mountainous terrains, focusing on their potential to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. Mountainous regions present unique challenges such as steep slopes, variable microclimates, and limited accessibility, which necessitate tailored solutions. Through empirical research and a targeted data procedural approach, this research identifies and evaluates precision agriculture technologies suitable for these kind of environments. The findings highlight the effectiveness of geospatial data, UAVs, and GIS in optimizing resource use and monitoring crop health. Case studies from the Andes and Himalayas demonstrate successful implementations, while a comparative analysis reveals the varying levels of effectiveness and suitability of different technologies. The study underscores the importance of involving local farmers in the design and implementation process to ensure the technologies meet their specific needs. Policy implications include the need for financial support and training programs to facilitate adoption, as well as the development of cost-effective and user-friendly solutions. Future research should focus on innovative technologies and their long-term impacts on agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and local livelihoods. This research contributes to the broader understanding of sustainable agriculture in challenging environments, offering insights that can aid in the just transition from coal in mountainous areas.
more abstractPrecision agriculture, Mountainous terrains, Sustainable agriculture, Geospatial data, Remote sensing
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DownloadCIRCULAR ECONOMY MODELS FOR SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES pag. 38-44
Mihai-Ionuț DANCIU1, Vlad RADA2, Adina HORABLAGA2The transition from coal to sustainable agriculture in mountainous areas presents unique challenges and opportunities for small-scale farmers. This study explores the application of circular economy models in small-scale farming within these regions, aiming to identify sustainable practices that can enhance economic viability and environmental resilience. The research highlights the principles of circular economy, their benefits, and the specific challenges faced by farmers in mountainous areas. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Key methods include literature review, data and case study analysis, which together offer a robust framework for exploring the potential of circular economy practices in mountainous areas. Through the case studies of successful implementations, the study provides practical insights and lessons learned, emphasizing the potential for replicating these models in similar contexts. Policy recommendations are also discussed, focusing on the role of institutions in supporting the adoption of circular economy practices. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable agriculture and offer a pathway for small-scale farmers to achieve a just transition from coal dependency. Supporting small-scale farmers in mountainous areas is not just an agricultural or environmental issue, it is a question of social justice.
more abstractCircular economy, Small-scale farming, Mountainous areas, Sustainable agriculture, Just transition
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DownloadTHE FERTILITY OF SOILS FROM BUZIAS -STIUCA AREA AND THEIR QUALITY STATE pag. 45-51
Gh. DAVID, D. ŢĂRĂU, D. DICU, Saida FEIER- DAVIDThe purpose of this research is to develop a knowledge base regarding the characteristics of the natural framework and its regional particularities, in order to scientifically and technically substantiate the elements that define the structure of the soil cover. This work is addressed both to specialists and to agricultural landowners, as well as to representatives of local administrations, aiming to identify the most appropriate solutions for the sustainable management of natural resources.The study focuses on an area of 86,180 hectares, of which 70,705 ha (82.04%) are agricultural lands (including 51,139 ha or 59.34% arable land), and 10,034 ha (11.65%) are forested lands, located in the Buziaș–Știuca area. This region is characterized by diverse geological and physico-geographical conditions, which have led to the formation of a soil cover composed of: Alluvial soils, Chernozems, Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols, Preluvosols, Luvisols, Vertisols, Pelosols, Stagnosols, Gleysols, Solonetz soils, and Anthrosols. These soil types differ significantly in their properties and in the specific measures required to maintain their fertility, depending on the ecopedological profile characteristics of each territorial unit (TEO/UT).The paper provides fundamental knowledge and methodological elements for the evaluation and characterization of soil and land resources, in the hope that the presented information will attract the attention of decision-makers. The ultimate goal is that, in the near future, agricultural research and practice—together with environmental protection—will intensify efforts to develop interdisciplinary studies on the quality of life.Moreover, the work offers basic information and methodological guidelines regarding the inventory, classification, and evaluation of soil and land resources for their sustainable use. Thus, it fits into the broader field of complex studies on natural resources and their valorization while ensuring environmental protection—especially in a period when the need to educate society about the importance of soil as the foundation of human communities and as a vital component and support of terrestrial ecosystems is increasingly felt.
more abstractsoil, fertility, area, quality, quantification
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DownloadPEDOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PERMANENT PASTURES IN PRAHOVA COUNTY: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON EXISTING RESEARCH pag. 52-61
Dinu Valy-MihaiThis study delves into a comprehensive analysis of the pedological quality characterizing permanent pastures situated within the picturesque Prahova County, Romania. Leveraging the wealth of information embedded within existing soil survey data originating from the Fulga region, this investigation meticulously examines ten distinct soil units, each classified according to the rigorous framework of the Romanian Soil Taxonomy System (SRTS 2012). Our approach involves a detailed scrutiny of the morphological attributes of these soils, encompassing their structural organization, horizon development, and overall profile characteristics. Furthermore, we meticulously assess key physical properties, including texture, bulk density, porosity, and water-holding capacity, all of which play a crucial role in supporting vegetation growth and resilience. Complementing this physical evaluation is a thorough analysis of the chemical properties, focusing on parameters such as pH, organic matter content, nutrient availability (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), and cation exchange capacity. These chemical indicators provide vital insights into the inherent fertility and potential limitations of each soil unit. The ensuing findings illuminate a notable diversity in the soil landscape of these permanent pastures. We observe a spectrum of soil types, each exhibiting a unique combination of morphological, physical, and chemical characteristics. Consequently, these variations translate into discernible differences in soil fertility, ranging from highly productive areas to those facing inherent limitations for optimal pasture development. This detailed pedological assessment underscores the critical importance of acquiring a nuanced understanding of the specific soil conditions prevailing within these pasture ecosystems. Recognizing the inherent variability in soil properties is paramount for the implementation of sustainable pasture management practices. Tailored strategies, informed by the specific strengths and weaknesses of each soil unit, can optimize nutrient management, improve water utilization, and ultimately enhance the long-term productivity and ecological integrity of these valuable agricultural landscapes within Prahova County. The insights gleaned from this analysis provide a foundational basis for informed decision-making aimed at ensuring the enduring health and productivity of these permanent pastures.
more abstractPedological Quality, Permanent Pastures, Prahova County, Soil Analysis, Soil Classification, SRTS 2012, Soil Properties, Fulga, Romania, Soil Survey.
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DownloadVIABLE MECHANICAL MEASURES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SOILS IN THE USE CATEGORY OF PERMANENT MEADOWS pag. 62-68
Dinu Valy-MihaiPermanent meadows play an essential role in supporting livestock production, enhancing biodiversity, and facilitating carbon sequestration in agricultural landscapes. However, these valuable ecosystems often face significant challenges due to soil degradation. Common issues such as soil compaction, inadequate drainage, and nutrient deficiencies can severely hinder the productivity and ecological health of permanent meadows. Addressing these soil-related challenges is vital for sustaining both agricultural viability and environmental integrity. This research paper delves into various cost-effective mechanical measures that can be implemented to improve soil conditions in permanent meadows. Specific methodologies explored include tillage practices, subsoiling, harrowing, and mole drainage. Each of these methods has unique mechanisms by which they enhance soil structure and fertility. For instance, tillage can help to alleviate soil compaction and facilitate nutrient mixing, while subsoiling can break through hardpan layers that restrict root growth and water infiltration. Harrowing, on the other hand, can effectively manage organic matter and control weeds, leading to healthier pasture conditions. Mole draining is particularly advantageous for managing excess water in soil, promoting aeration, and enhancing root development. The paper critically evaluates the applicability of each mechanical method in various contexts, focusing on cost-effectiveness and ecological impact. By thoroughly analyzing these interventions, the findings aim to provide land managers with comprehensive insights to make informed decisions tailored to their specific needs. Ultimately, this research seeks to guide practitioners toward sustainable practices that not only enhance soil quality and productivity but also contribute to the long-term viability of permanent meadows as integral components of agroecosystems. Through the implementation of these approaches, it is possible to reclaim and maintain the health of these landscapes for future generations.
more abstractPermanent meadows, soil improvement, mechanical measures, cost-effectiveness, tillage, subsoiling, harrowing, mole draining, aeration, soil compaction, poor drainage, nutrient deficiencies, soil acidity, biodiversity.
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DownloadEFFECTS OF ALKALINE WATER ON ROOT GROWTH IN ALLIUM CEPA L.: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS pag. 69-79
Oana-Alexandra GĂINARU , Nicoleta IANOVICIThe quality of water used in agriculture is a critical factor in maintaining plant health and soil fertility, especially in the context of using marginal waters characterized by high salinity and alkalinity. This article analyzes the influence of water pH on plant development parameters, with a focus on the effects generated by irrigation with alkaline water. A review of the relevant literature highlights that a high water pH affects nutrient availability, soil microbial activity, and plant physiological processes, leading to osmotic stress and nutritional imbalances. In parallel, the experimental study examined the impact of irrigation with water having a maximum pH of 9.4 on root development in Allium cepa L., under hydroponic conditions. The results indicated an increase in dry biomass in the batch treated with alkaline water, compared to the controls irrigated with distilled or tap water. The study was unable to confirm the negative effects associated with elevated pH of the tested water, presenting minimal impact on plant development under the present experimental conditions. These findings support the need for rigorous monitoring of irrigation water quality to prevent soil degradation and reduced crop productivity. Future research should explore remediation solutions for the negative effects of alkaline water on soil and plants, as well as the adaptation of irrigation strategies based on crop type and pedoclimatic conditions.
more abstractalkaline water, water pH, phytotoxicity, Allium cepa
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DownloadHETEROSIS EFFECT IN PARTHENOCARPIC FIRST GENERATION CUCUMBER HYBRIDS pag. 80-86
1V.F. GOROKHOVSKY, 2E.A. SHULYAK., 1T.I. MOKRYANSKAYAThe aim of the scientific research conducted in 2022-2023 in film greenhouses and open ground was to evaluate a set of the main useful traits (early, total and standard fruit yield) and study the heterosis effect in six hybrid combinations of parthenocarpic cucumber created on the basis of the maternal form ZhL-85. One of the main issues in cucumber plant breeding is the nature and degree of heterosis depending on the parental forms involved in the crossing and growing conditions (open and protected ground). The main source material was the institute's selection samples - the maternal form ZhL-85 and paternal lines 79, 81, 84, 101, 103, E-23. The studies were conducted using generally accepted standard methods in solar-heated film greenhouses and open ground. New hybrid combinations of parthenocarpic cucumber were obtained, and high positive competitive heterosis was revealed over the years in three of them when grown in film greenhouses and open ground. According to the results of the studies, the most promising and competitive samples for the main economically valuable traits are parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of universal purpose F1 85 x 101, F1 85 x E-23 and F1 85 x 103. These hybrids are early maturing, characterized by a high degree of parthenocarpy, bouquet type of flowering (1-5 ovaries are formed in one node), friendly return of early and high yield of standard crop, with beautiful, even, short fruits of gherkin type (shape index 3.2-3.6), white-spined, medium-tuberculate, highly transportable, dark green in colour, intended for fresh consumption and canning; tolerant to downy mildew and resistant to bacteriosis and true powdery mildew.
more abstractcucumber, hybrid combination, parthenocarpy, productivity, heterosis effect, competitive heterosis, film greenhouse, open field
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DownloadARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & UNIVERSITY STUDENTS pag. 87-92
Iasmina IOSIM1, Anka PASCARIU 1, Diana MARIN 1, Cosmin SĂLĂȘAN 1, Andreea DRĂGOESCU2, Carmen DUMITRESCU 1Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming modern education by enhancing how students learn, develop, and prepare for their careers. This study reviews recent research to explore how five core AI technologies—machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), robotics, expert systems, and computer vision—support higher education. A qualitative content analysis of academic sources was used to examine practical applications and outcomes for students. Machine learning helps personalise education by predicting student performance, recommending resources, and automating feedback. NLP enhances communication through virtual tutors, instant feedback, and language translation, promoting inclusive learning environments. Robotics enables hands-on experience, supporting technical skills and interdisciplinary learning. Expert systems simulate human decision-making, aiding in diagnostics, planning, and academic advising. Meanwhile, computer vision improves lab-based learning, supports virtual reality applications, and allows remote monitoring. Despite these benefits, challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic fairness, and the need for teacher training remain. NLP stands out as the most impactful technology due to its wide use and adaptability in educational contexts. The study concludes that integrating AI ethically and strategically can create more engaging, personalised, and future-ready education systems. Educators and policymakers are encouraged to focus on scalable AI tools while ensuring that human values remain central to learning. Continued research and collaboration across disciplines will be vital to fully harness AI’s potential in education.
more abstractartificial intelligence, university students, natural language processing
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DownloadARE CAPITALISM AND DEMOCRACY STILL COMPATIBLE? pag. 93-98
Marius Robert LUNGU1, Alina DRAGOESCU1, Alina Marghitan, Diana Nicoleta RABA1, Patrick LAVRITS2Whether capitalism and democracy are still compatible depends a lot on how each is defined, how they areA practiced, and where you are looking. In the West, especially the US and Western Europe, capitalism and democracy grew together. This period saw the rise of the welfare state—free markets coexisted with public education, healthcare, housing, and infrastructure. In the U.S., the "American Dream" was built on the idea that capitalism gave everyone a shot, and democracy protected their rights Here are some pros and cons regarding the compatibility between capitalism and democracy! Both systems theoretically value individual rights—capitalism through economic freedom, and democracy through political freedom. Capitalism thrives on market competition, while democracy relies on electoral competition. Both are mechanisms for accountabil Both systems are flexible and can evolve—democracy through new laws and leaders, capitalism through new technologies and business models. Capitalism tends to generate economic inequality. Over time, wealth can translate into political power, threatening democratic equality. Large corporations can wield significant influence over political decisions (e.g., lobbying, campaign financing), undermining democratic processes. Markets often reward short-term profits, while democracies (ideally) look out for long-term public good—climate change being a major example. If people feel the capitalist system leaves them behind economically, they may disengage from democracy or support authoritarian alternatives.
more abstractcapitalism, democracy, political philosophy, economic history
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DownloadAN INVESTIGATIVE CASE STUDY ON ALLERGEN SPECTRUM AMONG PATIENTS IN WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 99-109
Noemi-Teofana, MUSTA1, Nicoleta IANOVICIImmunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy is the most common form of hypersensitivity disorder, affecting approximately 30% of the global population. In atopic individuals, exposure to even trace amounts of allergens can trigger the production of IgE antibodies. Seasonal allergies and asthma represent a significant global health concern. The allergy panels consisted of various allergens, categorized as follows: respiratory, food, and mixed (containing both food and respiratory allergens). Food allergy is defined as an adverse immunological response to a dietary protein. Respiratory allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, constitute major public health concerns, with a rising global prevalence. These conditions typically emerge in the spring, coinciding with the airborne dispersion of plant pollen. Among the inhalant allergens tested, pollen emerged as the most frequent trigger, indicating its prominent role in respiratory allergic responses. These findings may serve as a valuable starting point for evaluating the regional burden of allergic diseases and their major impact on public health. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of sensitization patterns and contributing environmental factors, further large scale, population based studies are warranted.The present study aims to conduct a case analysis focusing on the spectrum of allergens identified in patients from the western region of Romania.
more abstractIgE-mediated allergy, food allergy, respiratory allergy, monosensitization, polisensitization
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DownloadTYPOLOGY OF FAMILY FARMING SYSTEMS WITHIN GHILAD COMMUNE, TIMIS COUNTY pag. 110-121
A.OKROS, Casiana MIHUȚ, Anișoara DUMA COPCEA, Carmen Claudia DURĂU, Daniela SCEDEI, Delia JURCHIȚAFragmentation of agricultural land represents a significant challenge for agriculture in Romania, with direct effects on productivity and land exploitation efficiency, thus requiring the practice of an extensive farming system and making it impossible to implement an intensive farming system. Therefore, this major division of agricultural land leads to several disadvantages such as higher costs for farmers (especially in terms of transportation, the need for a larger number of smaller machinery, and an increase in the number of employees required), limited mechanization, and inefficient distribution of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation water. This paper aims to analyze the degree of fragmentation of agricultural land in the Ghilad locality based on data obtained directly from local farmers as well as from my own farm. Thus, after studying the land declarations over several years between 2014-2024, from three agricultural farms in the commune, I compiled tables and graphs that summarize the collected data in order to highlight the issue faced by farmers. Therefore, I observed that the agricultural parcel areas range from a minimum of 0.25 hectares (cultivated with dry beans) to a maximum of 23.58 hectares of communal permanent pasture used individually. However, for field crops, the maximum area is 11.77 hectares.
more abstractcropping system, typology, farming, soil
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DownloadSOCIAL AGRICULTURE – OPPORTUNITIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE pag. 122-131
Manuela –Dora ORBOI 1, Adrian BĂNEȘ2, Simona Cristina CONSTANTINESCU1, Andreea Adriana PETCOV1, Ana Mariana DINCU1The paper “Social Agriculture – Opportunities and Perspectives for a Sustainable Future” explores an emerging concept that lies at the intersection of agriculture, social inclusion and sustainable economy. Social agriculture is defined as a model of agricultural activity that combines agri-food production with social, educational and therapeutic services, having a significant impact on the revitalization of rural areas and the integration of vulnerable people, such as the long-term unemployed, people with disabilities, the elderly or young people in placement centers. The paper highlights the contribution of this model to employment in disadvantaged areas, combating social exclusion, non-formal education and the transition to an agriculture with a positive socio-ecological impact. In addition, a multidimensional analysis of social agriculture is carried out, starting from the European and national legislative framework, studies of good practices from countries with a tradition in this field and the assessment of the applicability of these models in the Romanian context. Social agriculture can become an important pillar in the sustainable restructuring of the rural environment, contributing to the diversification of agricultural incomes, increasing social cohesion and valorizing local resources in an inclusive and environmentally responsible manner. Social farming represents an innovative approach with significant potential to generate multiple and interconnected benefits in the social, economic and environmental dimensions.
more abstractagriculture, social inclusion, restructuring, rural environment
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DownloadEVOLUTION OF LAND USE IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE (2013-2023) pag. 132-140
Manuela –Dora ORBOI 1, Adrian BĂNEȘ2, Elena Claudia SÎRBULESCU1, Ana Maria VÎRTEIU1, Silvia PRUNAR1The paper “Evolution of land use in organic agriculture (2013–2023)” investigates the transformations that have occurred in the allocation and management of certified organic agricultural areas, in a decade marked by the transition to sustainable practices and the consolidation of demand for organic products, both on the domestic and European markets. The study aims to highlight the dynamics of organically cultivated areas, the structure of dominant crops, the regional distribution and the impact of agricultural policies on land use in this sector. The research is based on the analysis of statistical data from sectoral reports and information provided by certification bodies. The results obtained indicate a trend of progressive expansion of organically cultivated areas, especially for field crops (cereals, legumes), permanent grasslands and fodder plants, along with an increased interest in niche sectors, such as fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. The conclusions of the paper emphasize the need for a coherent strategy for the expansion of organic agriculture, which includes predictable financial support, specialized professional training, digitalization of product traceability, and stimulation of cooperation between farmers. Agricultural and environmental policies must recognise and fully exploit the potential of organic farming in order to achieve the sustainability and environmental protection objectives.
more abstractorganic agriculture, land use, sustainability, certification
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DownloadEDUCATING FOR THE FUTURE: LANGUAGE SKILLS IN LIFE SCIENCES AND AGRICULTURAL STUDIES pag. 141-148
Raul PAȘCALĂU1, Florin IMBREA1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, Simona NIȚĂ1, Adrian ȘMULEAC1As the world faces big problems like climate change, food security, and loss of biodiversity, education's role in giving future generations important skills is becoming more important. In life sciences and agricultural studies, being good at language is a vital part that goes beyond just talking. It helps students understand complicated scientific ideas, work together on projects across different fields, and share their results clearly with various audiences. Additionally, strong language skills support analytical thinking and research abilities, allowing students to engage meaningfully in global discussions on sustainability and innovation in farming practices. This essay will discuss the need to develop these skills in academic programs, showing how a solid language base is crucial not just for personal achievement but also for tackling the urgent needs of the agricultural sector and its effects on society. In life sciences and agricultural studies, language skills are more than just talking; they are important for understanding complex information, sharing results, and working together across different fields. These skills include reading, technical writing, and speaking, made specifically for the special terms and methods used in science. Language skills help students get ready for jobs by enabling them to read scientific literature and communicate well with different people in the agricultural field. This fits well with the ideas of career and technical education (CTE), which focuses on getting students ready for real job situations, helping them understand their jobs and gain general skills for employment. In the end, building strong language abilities is crucial for promoting new ideas and increasing knowledge in life sciences and agricultural studies. Good communication is very important in life sciences and agricultural studies, where complicated ideas and cooperation are needed a lot. Knowing how to use language well is not just something for school; it is key for good interactions among different groups, such as researchers, farmers, policy makers, and the public. Being good at language helps share scientific results and new ideas clearly, improving understanding and supporting teamwork for sustainable answers. Also, the ability to express ideas clearly and convincingly can greatly impact decision-making in these areas.
more abstractlanguages, agriculture, education, life sciences, skills
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DownloadTEACHING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH LANGUAGE AND SCIENCE INTEGRATION: A NEW MODEL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION pag. 149-155
Raul PAȘCALĂU1, Florin IMBREA1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, Sorin Mihai STANCIU1, Cosmin SĂLĂȘAN1The rising importance of environmental issues calls for a new way of teaching, especially in universities that need to prepare future leaders. Sustainability, which includes environmental, social, and economic factors, should be part of the course content to help students understand it. This essay suggests a new model that connects language with scientific study, creating a mix of subjects that improves critical thinking and teamwork skills. By making sustainability a focus rather than a side topic, this model aims to create graduates who are knowledgeable about the environment and ready to tackle difficult global problems. Using language to explain scientific ideas helps students express and promote sustainable practices better, thus closing the gap between theory and application. This introduction lays the groundwork for a detailed look at these methods and what they might mean for future teaching approaches. Mixing language and science is very important for a full understanding of sustainability, especially in universities. By combining language skills with science exploration, students can explain complex sustainability problems and solutions more clearly. This approach helps improve critical thinking and gives learners the communication skills needed to work effectively in different areas. the changing educational landscape, especially with blended learning techniques, emphasises the need to mix language with science education so that learning languages helps understand science better. In the end, this complete structure gets students ready to tackle sustainability problems with the right knowledge and skills, creating a generation of knowledgeable global citizens.
more abstractsustainability, languages, science, model, higher education, students
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DownloadECOLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUNDWATER pag. 156-166
Rauf JURAKHONZODA1, Tohir MAJIDZODA1, Dilshod IBRAGIMZADE1, Raul PASCALAU2, Laura SMULEAC2, M.O.KHOLMIRZOEVA3Tajikistan possesses abundant drinking water resources, most of which are surface waters. The water resources of the Republic of Tajikistan differ from those of other regions in their high quality, organoleptic properties, and chemical composition. The main advantage of groundwater in Tajikistan lies primarily in its ecological purity and its formation from glacial sources. However, the glaciers of Tajikistan are affected by aerosol and atmospheric pollution as well as other factors that degrade the quality of the water formed from them. To characterize the quality of drinking water in Tajikistan, it is essential to conduct research and study its chemical composition. Therefore, the topic of ecological and physicochemical characterization of the state of water resources in Tajikistan is both important and relevant. Water samples were collected from wells in the jamoats of Tezgaripoyon, Zarnisor, Jangalobod, Choryakkoron, Dekhonobod, and the Elok River. A total of 39 water samples were analyzed for isotopic composition during the research period and it was found that the lowest specific conductivity values were recorded in samples from the Kofarnigan River (249-320 µS/cm), while the highest values were recorded in samples from the Chorakkoron Jamoat (1758-2060 µS/cm). This fact can also be attributed to the high concentration of salts, influenced by anthropogenic factors in the Kofarnigan River basin.
more abstractKofarnihon River, Water, Ecology, Groundwater
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DownloadRHEOLOGICAL INDICES FOR VERTOSOLS AND PELLOSOLS IDENTIFICATION pag. 167-173
Gh. ROGOBETE1, Adia GROZAV1, D. ȚĂRĂU2Theories of soil mechanics were concerned with calculating soil loads on masonry retaining walls. Both the cohesive and non-cohesive soils require determinations of soil behavior in the conditions of application of compression strengths, cutting deformation, shear, and penetration. For the Soil Science, mainly for soil survey, has been elaborated in the course of the year 1980, 2003 and 2012 the new Romanian Taxonomy Soil System (SRTS), which are similar with the World Reference Base for Soil resources (WRB), 2014, but not identic. In accordance with SRTS-2012, Vertisols class comprises soil with shrinkage - swelling properties (z), which are manifested from the first 25 cm pending above to 100 cm, and contain ≥ 45% clay. There are two soil types in this class: Vertosol and Pelosol, both of them with z horizon – shrinking and swelling and a vertic horizon, Bzy, namely Vertosol but also Pelosol. For a better identification of the two soil types from the Vertisols Class, respectively Vertosol and Pelosol, the present thesis proposes some rheological indices. we have selected only these indexes which don't need special equipment: Free swelling (UL), (vertic horizon >140%, pelic horizon 100 - 140%); Plastic index, (Ip), (Ip=25-45 pellic horizon, Ip≥45 vertic horizon); lower plastic limit (wp); indexes: volume contraction, Cv, (Cv = 75 - 100 – pellic horizon, Cv > 100 – vertic horizon); activity index, IA, (IA 1,00 – 1,25 – pellic horizon, IA > 1,25 – vertic horizon).
more abstractsmectites, slickenside, Vertisols, Rheological index
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DownloadCOMPENSATION OF AN INTEGRATED GEODETIC NETWORK COMPOSED OF GNSS VECTORS FOR TOPO-CADASTRAL WORKS pag. 174-190
Adrian ȘMULEAC1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, Raul PAȘCALĂU1, Lucian DRAGOMIR1, George POPESCU1A geodetic network constitutes a carefully organized system of precisely surveyed points that are measured, documented, and represented within a three-dimensional spatial framework. This system is fundamental in defining the Earth's geometric shape and its gravitational field with high accuracy. By establishing this spatial reference, geodetic networks support a wide array of applications such as cadastral surveys, engineering design, construction projects, and environmental monitoring. These networks enable the seamless integration of spatial data from multiple sources, particularly terrestrial surveying methods and satellite-based technologies like Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The accuracy and reliability of geodetic networks are critical for maintaining precise spatial referencing, which is indispensable for tasks involving topographic mapping, land parcel delineation, and infrastructure development. Strict adherence to legal and technical standards is often mandatory in these contexts to ensure that property boundaries and construction plans are correctly represented. To achieve this high level of precision, geodetic networks employ advanced computational algorithms and data compensation techniques designed to mitigate errors caused by atmospheric disturbances, multipath effects, and signal blockages. For example, GNSS vectors, when integrated into geodetic networks, considerably enhance positional accuracy, allowing for reliable measurements of elevations, distances, and land boundaries across diverse terrains. The continual interaction between surveying points, satellite data, and correction algorithms underscores the indispensable role that geodetic networks play in modern surveying and mapping disciplines. As technology advances, the importance of these networks remains central to ensuring accurate, legal, and practical spatial information in a wide variety of scientific, engineering, and administrative fields.
more abstractGNSS, GIS, BIM, RTK, geodetic networks, compensation
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DownloadLIDAR DATA ACQUISITION USING LEICA PEGASUS MANAGER AND PROCESSING IN QC TOOLS pag. 191-205
Adrian ȘMULEAC1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, Raul PAȘCALĂU1, Lucian DRAGOMIR1, George POPESCU1This dissertation critically examines the collection of LIDAR data using Leica Pegasus Manager and the subsequent processing of this data through quality control (QC) tools. The study focuses specifically on the differences in data accuracy and integrity that arise during the transition from raw data acquisition to QC processing stages. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, generating substantial quantitative data related to LIDAR measurements, processing parameters, and associated error rates. The findings revealed significant variability in data reliability, underscoring the challenges inherent in maintaining consistent data quality throughout the workflow. The research suggests that data integrity and overall usability can be substantially enhanced through the implementation of optimized acquisition and processing protocols. Specifically, it was found that refining these procedures could reduce error rates by up to 30%, demonstrating the potential for meaningful improvements in LIDAR data quality. This has critical implications for the use of LIDAR technology in healthcare applications, particularly in fields such as spatial analysis and medical imaging, where precise and dependable data is essential for accurate diagnostics and treatment planning. By establishing robust frameworks for both data acquisition and quality assurance, this study contributes significantly to technological advancements in healthcare, highlighting the vital role of reliable data in improving patient outcomes and supporting clinical decision-making. Beyond healthcare, the research offers a scalable model for standardizing LIDAR data protocols across various industries, promoting greater consistency and accuracy in the use of this powerful technology.
more abstractLIDAR, QC Tools, Mobile Mapping System, Pegasus Manager, 3D
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DownloadADAPTING TO A THIRSTY PLANET: CLIMATE-RESILIENT WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES pag. 206-214
Laura ȘMULEAC 1, Adrian ȘMULEAC 1, Raul PAȘCALĂU 1, Mahfoud BAKLI 2, Rauf JURAKHONThe present study focuses on climate-resilient water management strategies, particularly effective ones that deal with growing water scarcity due to climate change. The focus is on innovative practices boosting water sustainability in regions most at risk. A thorough analysis, incorporating qualitative case studies of successful water management alongside quantitative assessments of water resource availability and usage, pinpoints key strategies adaptable for mitigating water stress impacts. A primary concern is pinpointing pioneering approaches capable of bolstering water sustainability, particularly in regions facing heightened vulnerability. Notably, the research reveals that holistic water governance frameworks, when implemented, and advanced technology integration in water conservation demonstrably improve both water efficiency and community health, especially in healthcare environments hard-hit by water scarcity. These findings carry profound implications, suggesting that better water management isn't just about environmental sustainability, it also boosts public health resilience by ensuring access to safe and reliable water resources. Moreover, the study highlights the critical necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration to tackle water-related challenges, positioning water management right at the forefront of climate adaptation strategies, specifically within the healthcare sector. Ultimately, this research enriches the expanding knowledge base on sustainable water practices, and offers actionable insights that can inform policy, and foster resilience as we face climate volatility, in most cases.
more abstractwater management, climate change, water scarcity, adaptation strategies, sustainable water practices
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DownloadTHE BLUE CRISIS: INTERSECTIONS OF WATER SCARCITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE pag. 215-224
Laura ȘMULEAC 1, Adrian ȘMULEAC 1, Raul PAȘCALĂU 1, Mahfoud BAKLI 2, Rauf JURAKHON 3The central goal of this investigation is to explore how climate change might intensify water scarcity, particularly in regions already at risk. The research delves into the ways climate change acts synergistically to worsen water scarcity in regions already at risk and addresses the crucial question of how changes in weather and increasing temperatures compound existing shortages. Through analyses of climate trends, water availability, and the related socio-economic effects, the research reveals that vulnerable populations often face increased health risks. This is driven by a greater incidence of waterborne diseases, food insecurity, and added strain on healthcare systems all linked to water scarcity. Key findings indicate that countries with limited adaptive capacity often face heightened vulnerability, potentially exacerbating health disparities, particularly amongst marginalized groups. The study underscores the urgent need for water and health management strategies that consider the interconnectedness of climate change and healthcare outcomes. These findings are significant as they highlight the imperative for policymakers to adopt a multidisciplinary approach in addressing water scarcity, recognizing it as a critical determinant of health. Furthermore, by elucidating the extensive implications of water shortages induced by climate change on public health infrastructure and community resilience, this research contributes to the growing body of literature advocating for proactive and comprehensive responses to emerging global health threats. Consequently, the outcome of this study not only enriches the discourse on climate-related health issues but also provides a framework for future research and policy development aimed at mitigating the adverse health impacts associated with water scarcity within a changing climate.
more abstractclimate change, water availability, blue crisis, food security, water scarcity
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DownloadASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF MINIMUM TILLAGE TECHNOLOGY ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND WINTER WHEAT YIELD UNDER THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF POARTA ALBĂ, CONSTANȚA COUNTY (2021–2024) pag. 225-236
Traian Ciprian STROE¹²*, Oana MIHAI FLOREA², Simona NIȚĂ³, Liliana PANAITESCU¹²This study evaluates the impact of minimum tillage technology on the yield and quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the specific pedoclimatic conditions of Poarta Albă, Constanța County, during the 2021–2024 period. The research focused on two cultivars: Katarina and Avenue, grown on areas ranging from 110 to 140 hectares annually, using a conservation tillage system supplemented with irrigation during critical growth stages. Measurements were carried out for plant density, number of grains per spike, thousand-kernel weight, spike weight, test weight, and yield per hectare. Despite annual climatic variability, yields remained high and stable: 8,730 kg/ha for the Avenue cultivar and 8,250 kg/ha for Katarina. Statistical analysis revealed a weak correlation between climatic parameters (temperature, precipitation) and yield, suggesting that minimum tillage technology, combined with irrigation, played a key role in mitigating abiotic stress. The minimum tillage system contributed to water conservation in the soil, reduced erosion, and maintained soil structure, creating a favorable environment for crop development. By minimizing mechanical interventions and protecting the topsoil layer, this technology demonstrated superior agronomic and economic efficiency under conditions of moderate drought. The results support the adoption of this system as a sustainable strategy in regions facing high climatic risk, confirming its role in maintaining both yield and production quality.
more abstractwheat, minimum tillage, yield, soil, climatic factors
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DownloadRESEARCH ON THE ADAPTABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SEVERAL WHEAT VARIETIES IN A NO-TILL FARMING SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS IN THE MERENI AREA, CONSTANȚA COUNTY (2021–2024) pag. 237-253
Traian Ciprian Stroe, Oana Mihai Florea, Liliana Miron, Liliana PanaitescuIn the context of accelerated climate change, characterized by rising average temperatures and decreasing water resources, modern agriculture is compelled to adopt sustainable and adaptive technologies. This study evaluates the agronomic performance of three winter wheat varieties (Avenue, Glosa, and Artico) cultivated under a no-till system, in rainfed conditions, in the semi-arid area of Mereni, Constanța County, during the 2021–2024 period.The research integrated relevant climatic data (precipitation, average temperature, number of hot days) with agronomic parameters (plant density at emergence and harvest, number of grains per spike, thousand-kernel weight – TKW, and theoretical yield). The results highlighted the superior performance of the Avenue variety, with consistent yields and high adaptability to abiotic stress. Glosa showed good stability under moderate conditions, while Artico, although promoted as drought-tolerant, exhibited a significant decline in performance during dry years.Regression and correlation analyses revealed a negative relationship between temperature and TKW, as well as between the number of hot days and yield per hectare. The no-till technology played an important compensatory role, supporting plant density and yield maintenance under unfavorable climatic conditions. The study confirms the importance of selecting adapted varieties and implementing conservation technologies to sustainably maintain production in areas at high risk of aridification.
more abstractwheat, minimum tillage, climate change, drought, technology
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DownloadPHENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS GROWN UNDER CONTRASTING AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS pag. 254-259
Bojidar TANCHEV, Hristofor KIRCHEVAbstract. The experiment was set up using a block method in 4 replications after a wheat predecessor in the fields of two different ecological regions – Thrace (Plovdiv region) and Dobrudja (Dobrich region), Bulgaria. Six sunflower hybrids were studied – P64LP170, breeded in Corteva, USA as a standart, and Bulgarian hybrids Dalena, Deveda, Enigma, Krasela and Sunny, breeded at the Dobruja Agricultural Institute - General Toshevo. For the purpose of the study, the occurrence of the main phenological phases have been recorded: sowing (V0), germination (VE), second pair of leaves (V2), the fourth pair of leaves (V4), budding (R1),beginning of flowering (R5), end of flowering (R6) and ripening(R9). Depending on the dates of the phenological phases, the duration of the interphase periods is calculated. Each of the phenological phases occurs to a different extent earlier in the Plovdiv region than in the Dobrich region, which is completely explainable, because of the later warming in Northern Bulgaria than in Southern Bulgaria. Of primary importance for the development of sunflower is the duration of the interphase periods, which is a consequence of the meteorological conditions of the year and the region and of the genotypic differences between individual sunflower hybrids. The interphase period sowing-germination has a very different duration in the two regions in the first year. The reason for the long germination period in Southern Bulgaria is the low temperatures in March. The remaining interphase periods do not differ significantly between the two regions, nor between the hybrids. In the second year of the study, the interphase periods did not differ significantly, both between the two regions and between the hybrids until the moment of the latter.
more abstract: sunflower, phenology, agroecology
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DownloadSOIL CHARACTERISTICS FROM BELIU AREA, ARAD COUNTY pag. 260-267
Nicoleta Maria VICAR, T. DENUȚ, Corina Maria PELICI, I. GAICA, D. D. DICU, Isidora RADULOVThis paper presents a theoretical analysis of the soils in the Beliu area, located in Arad County, western Romania. The main objective is to evaluate the pedological and agrochemical characteristics of the local soil types, with emphasis on their structure, texture, and capacity to support various agricultural crops. The commune of Beliu, composed of six villages and situated near the Codru-Moma Mountains, occupies a total area of 9,272 hectares, of which 5,570 hectares are designated for agricultural use. The region is characterized by a diverse relief and a wide range of soil-forming factors such as geology, climate, and human activity, which contribute to the complexity of its soil cover. The predominant soil types identified in the area include alluviosols, eutricambosols, preluvosols, luvosols, vertosols, gleysols, and anthrosols. These soils present medium to high fertility, favorable for crops such as cereals, legumes, and fruit trees. However, certain limiting factors, such as poor drainage in gleysols or compaction in vertosols, may require specific soil management practices. The study also highlights the importance of applying appropriate fertilization and irrigation strategies to optimize yields and maintain soil sustainability. Through the synthesis of existing pedological data and literature sources, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between soil typology and agricultural productivity. The findings can support more informed decision-making in land use planning and sustainable agricultural development in the region of Beliu.
more abstractsoil, agrochemical characteristics, structure, soil texture, land, fertility
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DownloadCHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS IN ARAD COUNTY pag. 268-276
Andrada VIGH, D.DICU, R. ȘERB, Diana ȚEȚ, R. BERTICI, M. HERBEI, Adina HORABLAGA, C. POPESCUThe purpose of this work is the collection, processing and accumulation of scientific data regarding environmental factors, geographical characteristics of the surface, soil resources, data regarding the nature and intensity of limiting factors, qualitative evaluation of lands. Arad County is located in the western part of the country and stretches from the heart of the Apuseni Mountains (to the east) to the subsidence and drainage plain formed by Crișul Alb and Mureș (to the west). As a result of the geographical location, the territory of Arad County presents various geological and physical-geographical conditions, which has conditioned the formation of a complex soil covering. The object of study is the land belonging to the territorial administrative unit of Arad County, in the area of 761352 ha, of which 497463 ha is agricultural land, respectively the soils identified in the mentioned territory. They are studied in relation to the environmental factors that condition their presence, together with them, forming homogeneous ecological territory units (UT or TEO) with specific suitability/favorability for different agricultural or forestry uses/for different cultivated plants and with specific current breeding or cultural requirements and technologies. They are studied in relation to the environmental factors that condition their presence, along with them, forming homogeneous ecological territory units (UT or TEO) with specific suitability/favorability for different agricultural or forestry uses/for different cultivated plants and with specific current breeding or cultural requirements and technologies.
more abstractsoil, environmental factors, quality
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DownloadASSESSMENT OF GREEN OAK LEAF-ROLLER (TORTRIX VIRIDANA, LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ACTIVITY USING PHEROMONAL TRAPS pag. 277-286
Ana – Maria VÎRTEIU1, Marius BOLDEA1, Levente MOLNAR1, Ioana GROZEA1, Florin SALA1Defoliating insects active in early spring, such as Tortrix viridana and certain Geometridae species, can reduce fruit production by consuming flower buds or inducing physiological imbalances that disrupt floral induction and acorn development. Although Tortrix viridana is polyphagous, it exhibits a marked preference for oak (Quercus spp.). However, under conditions of food scarcity, mature larvae may switch to alternative hosts, including apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis), especially in orchards. Despite its ecological and economic relevance, data on the species’ dynamics in western Romania are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor the population dynamics of Tortrix viridana in Timiș County in relation to host plant type and climatic conditions, with additional focus on vertical distribution within the tree canopy. Fieldwork was conducted during the 2022 season at two sites: a family orchard in Dudeștii Noi and the USVT experimental park in Timișoara. Adult moths were monitored using Delta traps baited with atraVIR pheromone lures, while larvae were quantified via the “100 leaves” method, with sampling from three canopy levels. Results revealed clear host-dependent variability. Apple trees recorded the highest larval and adult densities, suggesting an emerging trophic shift toward cultivated hosts. Although ANOVA did not indicate statistically significant differences, this trend was supported by post-hoc analysis and high variability, especially in apple plots. Additionally, population peaks coincided with specific climatic windows, underscoring the role of microclimate in phenological development. These findings support the hypothesis of behavioral adaptation in Tortrix viridana and highlight the need for targeted monitoring and predictive models in orchard ecosystems.
more abstractTortrix viridana, oak, apple, pear, orchards, pheromonal traps
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