Rjas

Vol 41, No 2 (2009)

INSIGHTS INTO THE BIOTECH POLICY AND EUROPEANS TENDENCY pag. 3-8

Maria Mihaela Antofie, Camelia Sand

The scope of the review is to discuss the evolution of the new biotech policies and strategies at the European level within a global context. Modern biotechnology and their products - genetically modified organisms - are among the main subject of public debate, since their born earlier in ’80 years, because the dispute between the opponents the proponents of this technology. However, due to the rapid and visible positive impact in the today agriculture, pharmaceuticals and medicine, the biotech policy is much changing at the EU level and Europeans are accepting more and more the idea of approving these new technologies. Still are under question marks issues related to public information, education and awareness for the biotech domain, as the addressability public group is really small and the European legislation is very strict. However, we may consider that now it is accepted at the EU level that the beneficiary’ voice should be listened as they are the direct users of biotech products. These benefits may consist in facilitating or decreasing the work associated with producing crops for example, particularly as regards combating pests. However, developing a study of the advantages of using GMOs cannot be limited to an assessment of the individual benefits for particular users, but also should be considered the collective benefits for society as a whole which includes the environment. This assessment study is a paper review regarding the policies and strategies tendencies at the European Union level through the analysis of other important components of the external relationships. Further these results may ground the future policy at national level regarding the research financing for the biotech domain.

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modern biotechnology; policy; biotech research

Presentation: oral

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GPS SOLUTIONS FOR ROADS: DIFFERENT GPS OPERATION TYPES AND APPLICATIONS pag. 9-13

Nicolae Ion Băbucă, Valeria Ciolac, Cosmin Popescu, Adrian Sumuleac, Mihaela Spilca

ll GPS Surveying is carried out using differential techniques. That is to say a baseline is measured from a fixed point, (a reference station) to an unknown point (a rover station). This is undertaken using one of two methods: - Post Processing - The raw GPS data from the satellites is recorded and processed in the office using software; Real Time - The processing of the data is carried out as you work, giving an instantaneous and accurate position.

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stop and go/kinematics methods; real time; post processing

Presentation: oral

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ESTABLISHMENT AND EVOLUTION OF NATURAL VEGETATION ON ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL FIELDS IN THE SUPERIOR BASIN OF THE BEGA RIVER BETWEEN MARGINA AND ROMANESTI (TIMIS DEPARTMENT) pag. 14-22

Daniel Simion Bistrean, Iacob Borza, Gicu Gabriel Arsene, Adriana Avram

In this paper we approach an issue of importance in ecological reconstruction related to the dynamics of plant species on fallows in the Margina – Romanesti area (Timis County). The area under study covers 225 km 2 if we take into account all the fallows aged 1-7 after grain or tillage crops. In the study of the flora we used the two steps – field and lab – and phyto-coenologic research in the area are based on the principles of the Central-European floristic school with broad application in the study of the vegetal cover in Europe and applied for the first time in Romania by Borza (1984). As a result of the study on the sampling areas we managed to inventory the superior plant species on the fallows and the characteristics of the flora and vegetation (number of families, number of species, height of the vegetal cover, stratification, and mosaic-like configuration), and phyto-geographical, biological, ecological, and economic indices. In this paper we also refer to the evolving trends of the phyto-coenoses, the changes it undergoes, its dynamics, and man-made activities.

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valorising fallows in the Margina-Romanesti; specific biodiversity; the ecology restauration; flora and vegetation

Presentation: oral

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APECTS REGARDING TO ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION AT COPŞA MICĂ, SIBIU COUNTY pag. 23-28

Robert Blaj, Mariana Mărginean, Mirela Stanciu

The aim of this research was the reinstallation of forest vegetation on very high polluted grounds - pollution caused by heavy-metals, the stabilization of high eroded soils caused by ashes. The actual research level: the ecological reconstruction started in 1988, with a surface of 168 ha in the first 10 years, now the reconstructed surface is about 644 ha. Many tree species were used, all of them, species with good resistance on pollution. Their resistance level was also investigated. After 20 years we are able to recommend the most resistant species. Methods and materials: the careful selection of the introduced species, the land preparation in order to plant the seedlings, the administration of fertilizer and amendments. The newness of the research: the ecological reconstruction on high heavy-metals polluted land in Copsa Mica is a premier in our country. Only ICAS Bucharest and the Forest Administration Sibiu researched this kind of ecological reconstruction. The achievement level in the domain: the over 20 years experiments continues on new land and on very polluted enclaves, where the used species did not achieve good results. The research limits: the insufficient assets for the ecological reconstruction. Now this researches are supported by the state budget and very few by the principal polluting agent. The practical implication of the research: the installation of forest vegetation on this polluted land, the identification of the most resistant species recommended to be used in conditions of high pollution and degradation of soil. The originality of the study: is represented by the experiment by itself. The importance of the study: the practical implication of the experiment and the dimensions of surfaces.

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pollution; ecological recosntruction; forest vegetations

Presentation: oral

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ASPECTS CONCERNING THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE HUNTING AREA NR. 40 AGNITA EXPLOITATION, SIBIU COUNTY pag. 29-34

Robert Blaj, Mirela Stanciu

The aim of the research: to determine the life and feeding conditions for the here existing wild, on a surface of 7699 ha. The research level: the researches does not include the determination of vegetable mass production, based on the here existing forest type. Methods and materials: the analysis of the forest regeneration and the wood exploitation type because both have a great influence on the wild inside the hunting area. The food needs were determined (type of food/year) and compared with the situation of the natural availabilities existing in the hunting ground. For each forest category, a surface of 1000 m2 was selected, in order to locate minimum 5 surfaces of 1/1 m, where from vegetation was collected and weighted. We consider that 20% of it can be used. The entire quantity was multiplied with the surface of each type of forest. The food need, the necessary hunting plants and fixtures inside the hunting area, were determined. The newness of the research: it is the first time such a complex analysis of a hunting area is deployed. The research level in the domain: there exist general rules, established by ICAS Bucharest, concerning the calculation of the necessary hunting plants and fixtures. Limits of the researches: the wild species migration from one hunting area to another. The practical implication of the research: the results can be used in the current exploitation of the hunting ground. The originality of the study: the complexity of the analyzed parameters. The importance of the study: the high level of practicability and the big dimensions of the analyzed ground surface.

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hunting; forest stand; vegetal resources

Presentation: oral

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURE WITH RESPECT TO ENERGY SAVINGS POTENTIAL pag. 35-40

Severin Cazanescu, Raluca Cazanescu, Dan Berbecaru

The National Program for Rural Development (PNDR), in accordance with European Directives, defines among the general objectives regarding the sustainable development of the Romanian Agriculture for 2007-2013, a series of objectives regarding the decrease of the energy consumptions, production and use of the renewable sources of energy, greenhouse gas emission reduction, providing of biomass resulted from agricultural activities and support for micro-enterprises in rural area to produce electrical and thermal energy using bio-fuels. Despite the fact that agricultural energy consumption represents about 1% (during 2001 -2006) of the final energy consumption in Romania, there are a series of measures which can result in the energy consumption decrease in this field and to the successful use of the renewable energy sources. The research goal is to identify these concrete measures and their application within the different fields of agricultural activities. Starting from the energy consumption structure of agriculture in 2005 and taking into account the foreseen growth rate in this field, the paper analyzes the energy savings potential in the context of Romanian Energy Strategy for 2007 – 2020 period and National Strategy for Energy Efficiency. The presumed evolution of the energy savings is presented and the resulted greenhouse gas emissions reduction for 2009–2020 period is estimated. There are also pointed out the necessary investment funds for the application of the energy efficiency measures in order to achieve the energy savings target.

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agriculture; sustainable development; energy savings potential

Presentation: oral

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SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATION pag. 41-46

Severin Cazanescu, Florin caza Maracineanu, Elena Constantin

During the last decade the climate started to get warmer and large area of land were affected by drought. On the other hand, the global economy started to fall and more and more people are facing poverty and starvation. In order to face these challenges it is important to develop a sustainable agriculture, able to feed the growing population. In this situation, the water management became a major issue in all human activities. This paper aim is to present a way to improve water management for irrigation, using a software application based on Penman-Monteith equation as method for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration. The application assesses the crop water requirements and offers support for designing an efficient schedule for irrigation. The computation is carried out using local climatic data and crop characteristics as inputs. This application is easy to use, but assumes that climatic data and crop characteristics are available. To reach this goal, 144 countries all over the world gathered information provided by a total of 3262 meteorological stations and developed a data-base available on-line for free. Unfortunately, Romania didn’t join this international effort and, as result, the necessary information for our country is difficult to find. This paper describes the way the application works and shows how to get the necessary input data. A basic example, for an arid area in Romania, is presented in the paper. It points out the application functions and its importance for the development of some improved practices for irrigation. Further tests should be carried out to analyze the application results in irrigation water management and its efficiency in crop growing.

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irrigation water management; reference evapotranspiration; crop water requirements

Presentation: oral

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JUDICIAL – FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION IN THE DOMAIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION pag. 47-51

Diana Cîrmaciu, Ildico Smit

The evolution of the cross-border cooperation along the ages has come to the point that it registered a great importance; it implies more and more various instruments and in the same time it raises some complex problems of approach – one of them being the environmental protection. The complexity of the regional cross-border phenomenon in Europe, in the domain of environmental protection, assesses the comparative analysis of norms, of European recommendations, of national legislations, of measures taken by autochthon decisional factors. In some European cross-border spaces the tendency exists to outline a “mixed law” for environmental protection instead of outlining a judicial frame which could facilitate a real fundament of cooperation. Through this study we try to present the importance of the concept of cross-border cooperation in the domain on environmental protection, to accentuate the normative, institutional frame regarding to this domain, the system of the necessary financial resources, because every European state is liable to consolidate the cross-border relations in the domain of environmental protection.

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cross-border cooperation; environmental protection; Council regulations; directives; national legislations

Presentation: oral

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REHABILITATION OF THE POLLUTED SOILS-ZLATNA AREA pag. 52-55

Laura Constantinescu

The paper aims at presenting and characterizing the soils and the degradation processes taking place on the studied land - surroundings of the small town of Zlatna. 19 soil profiles and 62 prospecting by boring were made, of which over 30 soil samples were harvested. It result that the perimeter studied are 10 units of soils that have been defined according to the characteristic of morphological and physic- chemical properties of the soil profile. The types of soil are litosoil, aluviosoil, eutricambosoil, preluvosoil and luvosoil the cause of soils degradation in this area is the pollution. As a result, the herbal and wooden vegetation suffered greatly or disappeared completely leading to erosion and landslides. In order to rehabilitate the polluted soils, some soil ameliorative recommendations are presented. The main restrictive factors are: strong pollution, deep erosion, soil acidity, slope land, surface erosion, landslides, patchy of land, strong settle of soil. The soils grouping was performed according to lend oneself of the use of meadow. It also was an improved grouping of land to grade management the meadows and depending on the state land agrochemicals has established measures to increase fertility.

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pollution; deep erosion; soil acidity; slope land; landslides

Presentation: oral

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LAND RECLAMATION ARRANGEMENTS IMPACT IN SOILS EVOLUTION FOR HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN OF THE RIVER BEGA pag. 56-60

Ioana Alina Costescu, Nicoleta Nemeş

Soil and vegetation constitutes a system that is appreciated in consideration with the quantity of biomass accumulated. The natural conditions that favour the geo-dynamical phenomena are represented by a series of geological, geo-morphological, hydrographical, climatically factors that act together over the systems components. The land slip processes stabilised or semi stabilised, affect a considering part of the agrarian surface, especially grass lands which constitutes a severe soil degradation processes. Surface erosion affects all hydrographical basins in our county due to the natural factors but especially because of the negative long-term influence of the anthropic component. Simultaneously deep erosion affected surfaces are the one where the released factors is combined with the important potential factors, high slopes and the lack of protection from shrubby vegetation. In the hilly area the land slips have immediate and negative consequences over the agrarian terrains, communication paths, locality infrastructure. Soil pollution from anthropic activities in Timiş County is caused mainly by the improper depositing of industrial, domestically and animal wastes.

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hydrographic basin; soil pollution; land improvements

Presentation: oral

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ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF FOREST LAND IN THE AREA SICHEVIŢA, CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY pag. 61-66

C. Covaci, M. Lazarovici, D. Covaci

Forest- management activities include use of heavy machines in forest harvests, removal of vegetation, burring and scarification. These management manipulations can alter soil properties and susceptibilities to erosion. The paper refers to the forest reconstruction in the area Gavrini from the village Sicheviţa, on a great inclined slope, with a substratum composed of sandstone or limestone and covered with a strong and excessive erosion of Skeleti-dystric Cambisols. The improvement perimeter occupies 20 ha, but the area proposed for forestation has only 6.3 ha. The natural forest vegetation consists of Quercus frainetto, Corylus avellana and Crataegus monogyna. The forest site has ability for Pinus nigra, Carpinus orientalis, Eleagnus angustifolia and Hippophae rhamnoides. It has been proposed some reclamation works, revetment of the banks and the river bed with mattress and wincher work, planting of young plant in the hearths with 60/80 cm and pits of 30/30/30 cm. The numbers of the young plant necessary for the first year was 31.500 pieces.

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slope; forest site; forestation; young plant; mattress

Presentation: oral

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THE QUALITY OF HUMAN LIFE UNDER INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION pag. 67-70

Lucreţiu Dancea, Iuliana Merce

The full impact of the Industrial Revolution would not begin to be realized until about 100 years later in the 1800s when the use of machines to replace human labor spread throughout Europe, North America and the rest of the world. This transformation is referred to as the industrialization of the world…

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Industrial Revolution; population growth; ecology

Presentation: oral

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ENERGY DYNAMICS & ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH pag. 71-73

Lucreţiu Dancea, Iuliana Merce

By understanding the secret lives of energy - how it exists, how it is created, how it acts and even where it can be found, we can better understand how to tap the world of energy available to meet our continuously increasing energy demands.

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energy dynamics; environmental health; coal

Presentation: oral

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DYNAMICS OF SOME COMPONENTS FROM AGRO-SYSTEM IN CONSERVATION AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE OF SOIL pag. 74-77

Daniel Dicu, Iacob Borza, Dorin Ţărău

he researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence of quantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans. The research upon the ecological conditions was made according to the Methodology of Elaborating Pedology Studies (vol. I, II, III) elaborated by ICPA Bucharest in 1987, completed with specific elements from the Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy (SRTS – 2003).

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plant culture; system; influence; component; agroecosystem

Presentation: oral

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE MANAGEMENT TYPE ON THE DIAMETERS CATEGORIES` STRUCTURE OF SOME STANDS FROM O.S. DOBREŞTI U.P. III VÂRCIOROG pag. 78-83

Sorin Lucian Dorog

The investigated forest stands are included in the same site type, 5153 according to Romanian classification of site type. The plots were randomly selected within the stands assigned to the Production Unit III Vârciorog. The aim of the present paper is to stress structural differences that appear under same site conditions as a consequence of the application of different management methods.

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stand; structure; site; management methods

Presentation: oral

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EVALUATIONS AND PROPOSALS CONCERNING THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARK APUSENI MOUNTAINS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 84-91

Sorin Lucian Dorog

The paper presents the evaluation of the actual needs for initiating certain management actions in the National Park Apuseni Mountains, explains the current problems, weak and missing points for each management theme. The paper also considers the evaluations of biodiversity and landscape conservation, the evaluation of tourism activities and their influences on the environment.

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parck; management; biodiversity; landscape

Presentation: oral

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MAPPING THE NITRATE CONTAMINATION LEVELS IN THE GROUNDWATER IN TIMIS COUNTY - A GIS APPROACH pag. 92-97

Sorina Dumitru, Petru Ignat, Amelia Anghel, Alina Gherghina, Andrei Vrînceanu

The aim of this paper is to present an assessment of nitrates fluxes in the groundwater in Timis County using some direct measurements, as well as their spatial distribution. The presence of the high nitrogen concentrations in soils is a high potential risk for the groundwater and, implicitly, for human and animal health, the groundwater being the main source of the drinking water in many rural areas. One of the main risk factor for nitrates pollution is the agricultural activity, through the application of the mineral and organic fertilizers doses. As EU country, Romania has to report to international committees the state of nitrate pollution, in the respect of Nitrate Directive, in order to promote a sustainable agriculture based on suitable agricultural practices application for environmental protection. Several information systems, assessing and monitoring the potential vulnerable zones to nitrates, using pre-established indicators, have been developed. In order to assess the influence of relief and local conditions on the nitrates contents in the groundwater, several measurements have been done using the multiparameter nitrate sonde, for the following parameters: water temperature, groundwater depth and thickness, ammonia, nitrates, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen contents. Other observations about local conditions (distances to stables, to other potential sources of contamination, the type of wells, etc) have been done. A NUTS4 administrative unit, vulnerable to nitrate pollution, from Timiş County, has been chosen for these measurements. The environmental conditions of the studied areas are presented. Some relationships between the measured values of nitrate contents in the groundwater and the landscape are presented.

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nitrates pollution; vulnerable area; nitrates assessment

Presentation: oral

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THE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PLAN AT FARM LEVEL pag. 98-103

Sorina Dumitru, Irina Calciu, Catalin Simota, Mihail Dumitru, Marius Eftene

At European level, people and policy makers are very concerned with environment issues, one of the main problems being the nitrates contamination of groundwater. The agricultural activities are the main nitrogen supply in soil, due to the application of the mineral and organic fertilizers doses. In the last decades, worldwide there was an increasing tendency for using nitrogen based fertilizers, being well known that it represents an essential nutrient for conservation and/or amelioration the soil fertility state and for agricultural production, which has to satisfy the food needs of increasing population. The presence of the high nitrogen concentrations, exceeding the maximum admissible concentrations may have a negative impact of the environment through the possible losses in the ground and surface waters and/or atmosphere. In order to optimize the crop production and avoid the environmental contamination with nitrates, a nutrient management plan (NMP) at farm or village level has been developed. The need of such a tool is given by the fact that the polluted groundwater, mostly in the nitrates vulnerable communes (NUTS4 level), is used for potable water through the public or individual wells, most of them being placed not far from households. The management plan for (organic and mineral) nitrogen fertilizers is based on the description of N cycle in soil-plant-hydrosphere system, taking into account the following soil N forms: inorganic nitrogen (nitrates), organic nitrates from vegetal residues incorporated in soil, organic nitrates in active and stable form associated with soil humus stock, organic nitrates from organic manure. The nitrogen alteration processes between different N forms (humus mineralization, vegetal residues decomposition and the associated mineralization, denitrification and immobilization) are described through equations for chemical kinetic associated, the reaction speed being influenced by temperature, soil moisture, and the different nitrogen amount from each form types. Mineral nitrates flux percolating under the roots depth (leaching) is calculated as function of water drained flux and average nitrates concentration on soil profile. The nutrient management plan application has been developed as a MS Excel file, using VBA language. The NMP components, its inputs and outputs data, and the main worksheets are described. A case study for a commune is presented, highlighting the accessibility of the application and its usefulness for the farmers and other local stakeholders, as well as for local authorities.

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nutrients management plan; nitrates pollution; soil and climate databases

Presentation: oral

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APPLICATION ON GIS FOR LAND USE PLANNING: A CASE STUDY IN CENTRAL PART OF ALBANIA pag. 104-111

Lefteri Dushaj, Ilir Salillari, Valentina Suljoti, Majlinda Cenameri, Fatbardh Sallaku

In this article it is presented a case study of GIS application for medium-term land use planning in communal level. The study provided not only the basic spatial database in communal level, but also evaluated the land suitability, land use, land use changes, function of irrigation and drainage systems and agricultural land urbanization as well. It has been collected all land information for Xhafzotaj commune located the centre of Albania. During the land data collection in parcel level and its processing are found out the most important soil characteristics and qualities, as well as is accomplished the agricultural land suitability assessment for irrigable agriculture classified in four suitable classes (S1-S4) and one non suitable. The majority of agricultural land is classified in S1 and S2 classes, respectively 37.9 % and 33.4 %, while the land in S3, S4 and N classes occupied small area, 12.5 %, 6.2 % and 10.1 % respectively. Based in the land use information before and post 1991 it is realized a change analysis of land use in communal level. About 43.6 % of arable land and 48.7 % of orchards are converted in fallow land, whereas 12 % of arable land is converted in non-agricultural land. The data shows that 18.9 % of the agricultural land is occupied with the new buildings from which 21.6 % within S1 class and 21.2 % within S2 class, while only 1.2 % are built in non suitable agricultural land (N class. Zoning of the best agricultural land, zoning of urbanised agricultural land and medium-term land use planning in communal level are developed. The results demonstrated the potential of GIS application for land use planning.

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land use planning; land suitability; land use; land use change

Presentation: oral

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ECONOMIC AREAS ABANDONED pag. 112-116

Laura Goloşie, Gheorghe Rogobete

Worldwide radical transformations taking place, influenced by global finance, but also environmental issues. These changes are accelerated and more like, more violent. Industrial development dictated by the consumer was made to the detriment of environmental protection. It seems that we arrived at maturity. In Romania, began to speak, more and more about sustainable development and environmental protection. In Vermont in the USA in 1996 were established for the first time globally, the rules of sustainable development. In Romania we have established in 2008 the same thing. But in a case in most other points which should be regarded as binding, are set on the engineering environment must provide special protection of the population. In our country, these problems have occurred with a speed much higher than in other countries and not give us time experiences or expectations. Therefore be operated as better and faster. In paper I propose to explain how to implement development standards in areas abandoned economic that were not industrialized where financial resources are limited, the population is affected in social and medical follow old occupations and where highly qualified specialists in the area are very few useful to new changes.

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the components of sustainable development; financial resources; environmental protection

Presentation: oral

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PERSPECTIVES OF AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF RECAS pag. 117-120

Anişoara Aurelia Ienciu, Adalbert Okros, Marius Bitea

The present paper studies the situation of agriculture in the area of Recas. We considered the cultivated areas, the yields obtained and especially the differences among the agricultural systems practiced by various agricultural firms, family associations and private farms. The high cost per hectare and small yields obtained are causes of economic losses for farms. The agriculture in the area of Recas has undergone structural changes, caused by a change in the form of land ownership. At present, we can find both subsistence agricultural systems and commercial ones, both being profitable from an economic point of view.

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agricultural systems; private farms; agricultural firms; rural development

Presentation: oral

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LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD pag. 121-126

Dražen Jovanović, Z. Sajfert

We live in the times of more rapid, more dramatic, more complex and more unpredictable changes. In these insecure, complex and chaotic times, organizations need managers and leaders more than ever. Human resources are becoming the dominant resources of these times. Happened changes in political and also in economic sphere of social living at the countries in transition immanently had need's of changing business concepts and strategies in economic subjects and in that context changes in companies. Having needs for new developing orientations based on new business philosophy compatible to trading way of doing business.

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business decision; creativity; leader; leadership; strategies; transitional; manager; management

Presentation: oral

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ROLE OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION IN ACCELERATING THE BIOREMEDIATION PROCESS OF A SOIL POLLUTED WITH CRUDE OIL pag. 127-137

Anca Rovena Lăcătuşu, Radu Lăcătuşu, Mihail Dumitru, Mihaela Lungu

A field experiment for bioremediation of a crude oil polluted soil was limited on a Stagnic Vertic Luvosols to the Albota - Arges County. The bioremediation in situ experiment included agronomical and microbiological techniques. For this has been set a controlled pollution of soil from the experimental site, up to 5% volume of crude oil in the volume of soil, on the 20 cm depth. Experimental factors were: treating the crude oil-polluted soil with limestone amendments to reduce the acidity level (6 t/ha CaCO 3 ); deep scarification of soil up to a 40 cm depth in order to improve the regime of ear and water circulation in soil; organic fertilization with 150, and 300 tons/ha of stable manure fermented, chemical fertilization with NPK and, soil inoculation with selected micro organisms. The results presented further relates the importance of mineral fertilization with different doses of NPK ratio on the decontamination of crude oil polluted soil, exclusively referring to variants in which the only measure applied to soil was mineral fertilization with doses up to 200 kg N/ha, 200 kg P/ha and 100 kg K/ha. The experimental data show that for this type of soil, heavily polluted with crude-oil, application of mineral fertilizers with NPK is a prerequisite for initiating the processes of degradation and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Optimal doses of mineral fertilizers established in the experiment, this supported by the disappearance of pollutants in soil and production results obtained, are 200 kg / ha nitrogen, 100 kg / ha phosphorus and 100 kg / ha potassium.

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crude oil; bioremediation; mineral fertilizers

Presentation: oral

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THE FRAMING OF ART WORKS WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT pag. 138-143

Ioan Maliţa, Traian Berar, Petre Zglimbea, Florian Maliţa

The paper points out the studies made by the authors, concerning the aesthetic aspects while designing and executing the art works (bridges, retaining walls, etc.) realized on a series of roads developed on hilly areas or along waters belonging to the Regional Directorate for Roads and Bridges Timişoara (DRDP). Each art work has its own particularities which cannot be realized according to general patterns, being the results of careful measurements on the spot. The execution of infrastructure works is realized so that the potential contamination of water streams, lakes or underground water is avoided. Taking into account that the alignments of the studied roads run close to the river bank almost entirely, at many points the slope being instable or potentially instable, sustaining and consolidation works have been designed and executed, which consisted of embankment and cut retaining walls. While designing and executing the art works, the existing situation, previous to the beginning of the construction works, is taken into account, elaborating thus a concrete program both for the work’s protection and integration within the environment and for the rehabilitation of the affected area, insisting on a cohabitation between environment and work, without disturbing one another.

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art works; environment; road

Presentation: oral

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NEW CONCEPTS IN THE REALIZATION OF PLANTATIONS WITHIN ROADS AREA pag. 144-149

Ioan Maliţa, Florian Maliţa

In general, the plantations raise multiple technical problems, which are quite complex since the plantations represent a natural protection directly influenced by rough weather actions and noxious effects produced by road traffic. The paper presents a new approach of the realization of plantations and refers to new ways of realizing them, taking into account the role the plantations play in the road aesthetics and in the safety of road traffic and the protection of roads against rough weather conditions (snow storm, high temperatures, etc.). In addition, it has been studied the realization of plantation shelter belts in the areas considered to be predisposed to snows or wind actions, the belts being composed by rows of scrubs or short-sized plantation in order not to endanger human lives in case of traffic accidents. The paper proposes this manner of positioning the plantation after having attentively analyzed the traffic accidents caused by the existing plantations and after having counted sectors predisposed to snow-drift and calculated the cost of maintaining the roads’ stability in these situations.

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plantation; plantation shelter belts; road

Presentation: oral

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THE EVALUATION OF POLLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND BY PB AND CR, ALBANIA pag. 150-156

Hysen Mankolli, Velesin Peçuli, Shpend Shahini, Agim Asllani

The eco-zone of Elbasan is located in the central part of Albania. The climate in the suburbs of Elbasan is characterized as Mediterranean field-central in which the annual average temperature is 15.4 grades, during the winter the temperature goes from -3 up to 18 grades and during the summer 25-35 grade. The average annual amount of rain is 1157-1300 mm, while the extreme annual amount of rain goes from 620 mm to 1500 mm. the earth habitats with a high potential of living creatures, are agricultural objects because the earth as ecological environment fulfils the conditions for the raise of agro ecosystem. One of the most evident conditions for the use of agricultural land is the presence of high nutritive levels for plant creatures and without pollution substances. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of pollution in agricultural land by Pb and Cr in the suburbs of Elbasan area. The provision of samples on pollution was carried out in four points, close to the object of Metallurgic Factory Paper – Pajove, Bradashesh-Vidhas,Labinot – Shushice and Vidhas –Paper. The depth of the earth sample was taken up to 30-50 cm, where is developed the main part of the root system of plants. The analysis has been carried out for the metals Pb and Cr. In each area were taken five samples in four different points. The weight of the sample was 0.3-0.5 kg. The Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) as an analytical technique was applied in order to determine the values of heavy metals Pb and Cr in different samples. The analyses were carried out in the Institute of Veterinarian Institute, Tirana. The values of Pb in the earth samples in the suburbs of metallurgic factory vary from 17 ppm in the sample no. 1 to 65 ppm in the sample no.14 such a change is because of the different distance of sample receipt. The difference between the sample with a highest value and that with the lowest value is 48 ppm Pb. The values of Cr in the earth samples vary from 418 ppm in the sample no.16 and 612 ppm in the sample no. 19. These values belong to the same area; this shows that the values of Cr are stable. The difference between the sample with the highest value and that with the lowest value is 194 ppm Cr. The study carried out in 2004 by the Department of Agro-environment & Ecology and by the Institute of veterinary research, Tirana, contributes in the qualitative evaluation of agricultural land in the agro ecosystems of Elbasan area.

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pollution; agricultural land; spectrometry; agro ecosystems

Presentation: oral

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BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN AN ARTIFICIAL POLLUTED SOIL pag. 157-162

Mariana Marinescu, Mihail Dumitru, Anca Rovena Lăcătuşu

Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by the enzymes produced by living organisms. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management and environmental remediation (bioremediation). Some microorganisms have the capacity to degrade, transform or accumulate petroleum hydrocarbons. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils has been recognized as an efficient, economic, versatile and environmentally good treatment. Inadequate bioavailability of the hydrocarbons to microorganisms due to low solubility is a limiting step in biodegradation. So, it must be found a method to increase the microorganisms activity. This research is based on the microorganisms activity increase by adding natural absorbent biodegradable and bacterial inoculums. The elimination of petroleum hydrocarbons from the environment is an absolute requirement to promote a sustainable development of our society with low environmental impact. In this paper are presented the results obtained in greenhouse experiment concerning the bioremediation of artificial polluted soil using a natural hydrocarbon absorbent product and bacterial inoculums to enhance the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The plant use in the experiment was maize. These are some preliminary results, therefore the experimental research will continue in Green House on the same polluted soil.

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biodegradation; artificial polluted soil; petroleum hydrocarbons

Presentation: oral

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AGRARIAN RESTRUCTURING - ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES pag. 163-166

Natalia Mocanu, Victoria Mazăre

Property reform means the tonality of economic, politic, social and other kinds of measures meant, on the one hand, to ensure the diversity of property forms and to improve their structure, and on the other hand, to from premises of the efficient exercise of property rights on the economic potential elements, the corporate governmental mechanisms being included. In Republic of Moldova, according to the Law nr. 459-XII from 22.01.91 concerning property, there are three types of property: private, collective, including “kolkhoz” and state property.

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reform; investments; financial mechanism

Presentation: oral

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CONSEQUENCES UPON THE ENVIRONMENT DETERMINATED BY THE HUMAN ACTIVITIY IN BISTRA COULOIR AREA pag. 167-172

Nicoleta Nemeş, Ioana Alina Costescu

In this paper we studied the consequences of human activities in Bistra Couloir area in the environmental protection context. We are considering that the major impacts of human activities upon the environment are represented by the activity of the steel work from Oţelu Roşu and the marble quarries from Ruschiţa area The permanent excavation trained heavy metals from these rocks in soils and waters. This paper set the alarm considering the human intervention in nature and the disequilibrium that are generated by the human activities in the environmental protection and human health context. In these domain a lot of researches during the time was made regarding the natural and technogene risks upon the Banat’s lands and a lot of risk factors was analysed, including the heavy metals in rocks and soils dispersing, the importance of impact studies in the context of agricultural sustainable development and also a human collectivity protection achievement. We must not ignore the impact of the parental materials whereon the soils are evaluated and also the climatic conditions that imprint their properties upon the all area evolution that today a natural and anthropics pressure suffer. Also, the factors that influence the potential polluted processes are multiple and very different, they can block and stop the pollutants for a different period of time or can deliver the pollutants in the soils and than they can be accessible for the plants. So, any studies of these theme are welcome and it can complete other researches that are made or can be a point of start to another future studies.

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environmental protection; steel work; marble quarry

Presentation: oral

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CONSTRUCTIVE ASPECTS OF FOUNDATIONS FROM CURVED THIN PLATES pag. 173-177

Carmen Aurelia Peptan, Cristina Otilia Voicu

Using thin curved plates in achieving structural elements is indicated because of their many advantages (low weight and relatively simple efforts state). At foundations that are usually elements of great mass and volume, the use of curved thin plate is advantageous, because the increase of their mass is achieved by filling the strength structure (light) with cheap material (lower class concrete, ballast, earth). Also, curved thin plates used in constructions represent one of the most rational uses of construction materials whereas, especially in achieving the so-called membrane state, concrete and steel, which compose the strength structure, may be solicited to bearing capacity limit.

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curved thin plates; isolated foundations of polyhedral type; conical canvas

Presentation: oral

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CHARACTERISTIC ASPECTS OF INTERACTION STRUCTUREFOUNDATION- FOUNDATION SOIL FOR CONSTRUCTIONS TYPE HALL WITH LARGE SPANS pag. 178-183

Carmen Aurelia Peptan, Cristina Otilia Voicu

Inter-working between structure - foundation - foundation soil is a complex issue that must be taken into account during planning, design and execution of constructions, aiming not to reach in any of the phases the limit state of bearing capacity and deformations. The foundations of these constructions must be adapted to each location, depending on the nature and deformability of the soil, the size and reactive pressure distribution on the contact surface and on the general deformation of construction. In the case of halls with large spans, redistribution of the efforts due to differential settlements is influenced by the rigidity and static indeterminate structures being able to lead to a state of effort and deformation of constructions different than that obtained with conventional analysis in the current design.

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halls with large spans; state of effort and deformation; deep foundations

Presentation: oral

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LANDSCAPES ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO CORINE METHODOLOGY OF THE RÂMNA HYDROLOGICAL BASIN pag. 184-189

Zoia Prefac, Maria Cornelia Urdea, Marius Popescu, George Marius Cracu

The last few decades have shown a reorientation of the geographical research towards the complex study of the geographical landscape. During the years the natural surfaces got smaller and smaller (they were replaced by agricultural or artificial surfaces) and the vegetation suffered major transformations from the structure and composition point of view. The purpose of this paper is the elaboration, with GIS techniques, according to CORINE methodology, of the landscape spatial distribution map of Râmna hydrological basin. Correlating this map with the morphometric parameters and the pedological characteristics we emphasize the major features of the anthropogenic landscapes (artificial surfaces, agricultural areas) and the transformation suffered by the natural vegetation (forests, natural grasslands, transitional woodland-scrubs).

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Râmna; landscape; CORINE model

Presentation: oral

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DYNAMICS OF LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER CHANGE IN ALBANIA: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES AND POLICY RESPONSE pag. 190-198

Fatbardh Sallaku, Bujar Huqi, Odeta Tota, Mitat Mema, Shkelqim Fortuzi, Etleva Jojiç

Albania has perhaps moved further than any other country in the region to introduce sweeping land reform as a necessary precursor to the development of land markets. As a result of this reform, the rural landscape has been dramatically transformed since 1990 with all collective farms disbanded, and approximately 98 percent of agricultural land distributed to smallholders. This has transformed crop farming from a collectivized, command structure to a fully private sector with smallholder families farming small and fragmented plots for their own consumption and for the market. Pasture land and forests have mostly not been part of the privatization process. Only recently has state ownership been transferred to communities and private persons. The legislation currently in place provides an adequate legal and regulatory framework to support a functioning land market. This paper tries to identify the relationship between land reforms, land tenure in the dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in Albania in the framework of the environmental consequences and policy response. The paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between land tenure, land use and land reform in the environmental consequences in Albania during the post socialist period.

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land cover; land use; environmental impact; land reform

Presentation: oral

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THE EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL AND PEDOLOGICAL RESOURCES FROM VINGA PLAIN FOR PROTECTION, CONSERVATION AND DURABLE UTILIZATION OF RURAL SPACE pag. 199-204

Dorin Ţărău, Silvica Oncia, Irina Ţărău, Daniel Dicu

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of technical proceedings for the elaboration of a standard criterions for a pedoclimatic character and elaboration of programs concerning soil protection, amelioration and productivity increasing, organization of cultivars and rural space. The treated problems are relegating to an surface of 132459 ha (70016 ha in Timiş county and 62443 ha in Arad County), belonging to cadastral territories situated in Vinga Plain or in the areas of low plain near this or near Lipova Hills : Variaş, Satchinez, Orţişoara, Maşloc, Sânandrei, Biled, Becicherecu Mic, Timişoara, Dumbrăviţa, Giarmata, Remetea Mare, Ghiroda (in Timiş County) and Secusigiu, Felnac, Şagu, Vinga, Arad, Fântânele, Zăbrani, Lipova (in Arad county). This paper, presents some aspects concerning the ecological and pedological resources specific of researched area, being succinct reproduced the physical and geographical characteristics, conclusive in the structure of soil layer.

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biovariety; cooperation; cohesion; sustainability; monitoring

Presentation: oral

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MANAGEMENT OF THE STUD FARM OF MEZŐHEGYES AFTER THE CHANGE OF REGIME pag. 205-210

Brigitta Zsótér

In the examined period the Stud Farm of Mezőhegyes was often in critical situation because of unfavourable weather or economic conditions. They found that the best and final way to avoid the crisis was the privatisation which was then accomplished.

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Stud Farm; business plan; financial commands; liquidity; privatisation

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION ON CROPS IN THE ROMANIAN COASTAL ZONE pag. 213-217

Anca Nicoleta Albu, Marius Lungu, Liliana Panaitescu

Photosynthetically active radiation represents an ecological basis for determining the distribution of plants and favourable areas to different crops. The aim of this paper is to observe the direct influence of radiation on the development of crops. We used data on 25 years and calculation methods for the statistical knowledge of radiation and its distribution to specific hours. Here were performed on measurements of solar direct radiation and diffuse solar radiation, then we calculated the photosynthetically active radiation on basis of which we managed to make some estimation on the amount of energy that occurs in costal areas, how it is distributed over a period of one year and certain times characteristic. In this way we manage to make a concordance between the distribution of photosynthetically active radiation and the vegetation period of crops.

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photosynthetically active radiation, solar direct radiation; active radiation; crops

Presentation: oral

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GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BARDHOKA BREED IN ALBANIA AND KOSOVA ANALYZED BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS pag. 218-223

Anila Hoda, Hysen Bytyqi, Petrit Dobi, Hajrip Mehmeti

Sheep are considered as an important livestock species in Albania and Kosova. Bardhoka is an autochthonous breed and is the most milk productive sheep among the long tail breeds that lives in both countries. Our study aimed at comparative analysis of microsatellite polymorphism in 6 loci in Bardhoka sheep breed in Albania and Kosova. It is the first time that these local populations of Bardhoka breed from two countries are compared based on DNA markers. It is analyzed genetic diversity of these populations. Allele diversity, observed heterozigosities, expected heterozigosities, F-statistics, G ST estimates is calculated, using different software package. A total of 72 alleles were found. The average number of alleles per locus was 8.15. Within breeds, the mean number of alleles ranged from 5.8 in population from Kosova to 7.66 in population from Albania. The Albanian population has higher values of expected and observed heterozigosity, higher allele number and higher F IS value. Mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.68 in Bardhoka from Kosova (Kobar) to 0.76 in Bardhoka from Albania (Albar). Both populations showed a significant heterozigote deficit. Several factors that could cause this deficit are discussed. Gene flow (0.81) is rather low. The mean F ST (0.238) demonstrated that 76.2% of total genetic variation is due to genetic differentiation within each population. Genetic differentiation between populations was much higher than reported by other authors. Genetic differentiation might be caused by long term isolation of these populations and application of different breeding strategies in each country. The research will go further in the future, increasing the number of the markers.

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microsatellite; genetic diversity; gene flow; sheep; local populations

Presentation: oral

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THE SPECIFIC DIVERSITY OF WEED COMMUNITIES IN WINTER WHEAT AND CORN FIELDS, IN TIMIS COUNTY (2006, 2007) pag. 224-229

Alina Margareta Arsene, Gicu Gabriel Arsene, Alina Margareta Neacşu, Ciprian Stroia

The paper is based on data collected in 112 winter wheat parcels and 97 corn parcels, in 2006 and 2007, according to the Göttingen method. The sampled parcels are mostly situated in plain area of the Timiş County. We divided weed species in significant and non-significant ones, the last ones with a minor contribution to the weeding degree. We consider as diversity parameters the species number per parcel (significant, non-significant, minimal, maximal, average values for each year) and the Shannon-Wiener index. In winter wheat fields we found an average number of weed species per parcels of 26.5 (in 2006) and 23.1 (in 2007), while in corn fields the values were of 22.2 (2006) and 17.5 (2007). The average number of non-significant weed species per parcel per year ranks from 5.5 (corn, 2007) to 7.7 (corn, 2006). The Shannon-Wiener index values ranks from 2.53 (corn, 2007) to 3.27 (winter wheat, 2007). We didn’t find strong correlations between the total weed species number per parcel and the corresponding Shannon-Wiener index values. We explain this by the variety of conditions and cultural techniques.

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weeds; specific diversity; Shannon-Wiener index; winter wheat; corn; Timiş county

Presentation: oral

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OBSERVATIONS ON THE TAXA DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF C. (EUCARABUS) OBSOLETUS STURM 1825, PRESENTS IN ROMANIA pag. 230-238

Jean Barloy, Florin Prunar

e criteria considered by the various successive descriptions of the taxa of C. (Eucarabus) obsoletus Strum 1815 were examined to assess their suitability for identification. Among those appear: the characteristics of the elytra sculpture, the size of the pronotum and the shape of the rear wings, indices of relative size limited subjective evaluation. The elytra sculpture is an important criterion of distinction (dichotomy table proposed); few ratios of size or pronotale value being secondarily added.

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C. (Eucarabus) obsoletus; taxa; distinguishing characters

Presentation: oral

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PHENOTYPIC CARACTERIZATION OF MAIZE INBRED LINES DIFFERENTIATED THROUGH CYTOPLASM pag. 239-244

Camelia Chicinaş, Ioan Haş, Voichiţa Haş

In this paper are studied the phenotypic differences between inbred isonuclear lines obtained by transformation through backcross of the genotypes TC 209, TC 316, TC 243, TC 221, TC 367 and D 105, during the year 2008. Were subjected to analysis the following characters: plant height, height of insertion of principal ear, the total number of leaves/ plant, number of ramifications/ tassel. It was also determined the stalk lodging of plants and the vegetation period of plants. By changing the cytoplasm, were observed favourable influence in terms of plant height, the stalk lodging of plants and resistance of the ear to Fusarium sp.

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phenotypical variability; inbred isonuclear lines; cytoplasm

Presentation: oral

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THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS FOR SEVERAL PLUM VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN CENTRAL ZONE FROM OLTENIA, DEPENDING ON GRAFT/ROOTSTOCK BIO-SYSTEM pag. 245-249

A. Ciobanu, M. Cichi

This study aims to present the characteristics of the supra-terrestrial growth manner on plum tree cultivated in Oltenia central zone, on a plantation from didactical Agricultural Station Banu Mărăcine. The researches was performed from 2006 to 2008, on three plum’s varieties – Diana, Silvia and Piteştean – engrafted on three rootstocks – Oteşani 8, Pixy and Miroval, the results intended to establish the trunk section area, the tree crown diameter, the crown volume, the tree height and the field filling degree. It was ascertained that the biggest influence on the three studied types of soil is the one of Miroval rootstock, which gives the biggest growth strength, followed by the pixy rootstock, while the Oteşani 8 rootstock has the lest influence.

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variety; rootstock; biosystem

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH FOR THE RADICULAR SYSTEM ALLOCATION FOR THE ANNA SPATH PLUM VARIETY, CULTIVATED ON THE BROWN-REDDISH SOIL CONDITIONS FROM OLTENIA pag. 250-255

A. Ciobanu, M. Cichi

is study aims to present the disposal way of the horizontal roots mass for the Anna Spath plum tree, at Banu Mărăcine didactic plantation which was established in 1995. The research concerning Anna Spath plum variety engrafted on three rootstock (Oteşani 8, Pixy and Miroval), using the profile method, took place in 2007. It was established that most f the roots are spread within the Anna Spath bio-system, at the average depth of 0-60 cm and their thickness can reach almost 3 mm.

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variety; rootstock; biosystem

Presentation: oral

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CHLOROPHYLL BIODEGRADATION IN VITIS VINIFERA VAR. PINOT NOIR AUTUMANAL LEAVES pag. 256-260

Nina Djapic, Aleksandar Djuric, Aleksandar Paunović

Efforts to evaluate the biodegradation of chlorophyll in autumnal leaves continues. The chlorophyll biodegradation pattern was determined in Hamamelidaceae family. The chlorophyll biodegradation in Vitis vinifera var. Pinot noir autumnal leaves is the same as in the Hamamelidaceae species. The study was performed by LC/MS analysis. The chromatogram obtained for the Vitis vinifera var. Pinot noir autumnal leaf extract was compared with the chromatograms obtained for the Hamamelidaceae species, where the chlorophyll biodegradation pattern was determined. Using LC/MS analysis the chlorophyll biodegradation pattern was validated in Vitis vinifera var. Pinot noir autumnal leaves. The LC/MS analysis of autumnal leaf extracts will allow the identification of chlorophyll biodegradation products among other Vitaceae species.

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chlorophyll biodegradation; Vitis vinifera var. Pinot noir; UNCC

Presentation: oral

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NICHE PARTITION OF TWO INVASIVE INSECT SPECIES, PARECTOPA ROBINIELLA (LEPIDOPTERA; GRACILLARIIDAE) AND PHYLLONORYCTER ROBINIELLA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) pag. 261-269

Ecaterina Fodor, Ovidiu Hâruţa

Invasive organisms are among major threats to biodiversity. Insects, due to their mobility and short life cycle represent a vast category of expanding organisms. The black locust (Robinia pseudacacia) is also an alien species to Europe but due to the relatively long history of naturalization, it is integrated in most of central Europe landscapes. A process of natural enemy acquisitions is taking place and two new pests affect stands, hedgerows and windbreaks where R. pseudacacia vegetates: Parectopa robiniella and Phyllonorycter robiniella (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). A heavy infestation mostly with the newly introduced Phyllonorycter robiniella was observed in western and central Romania during 2003-2004. In many cases, leaves presented also mines of Parectopa robiniella. The mines of Phyllonorycter robiniella were attacked by several natural enemies: birds predated pupae, Beauveria bassiana was isolated from mines where larvae mortality was reported and also pupae of parasitoids where found in several cases. Having the same target, the foliage of the host and being members of the same guild, mining insects utilize the same niche. The study is interested in separating the niche components, mostly spatial of the two species based on the analysis of the results of C score of association. The shape of mines and their extension on the leaflet blade were assessed using image analysis.

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Robinia pseudacacia; Parectopa robiniella; Phyllonorycter robiniella; niche partition; co-occurrence; C-score; Pianka index; shape index

Presentation: oral

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THE INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE OF CHEESE ON THE INCIDENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN SOME MARKETS IN ALBANIA pag. 270-273

Rozeta Hasalliu, Elvira Beli, Jorinda Terpollari

The aim of this study is to isolate Staphylococcus aureus in cheeses stored in different temperature in some markets in Albania. In these markets the cheese is stored not in the good conditions and in some cases the cheese is sold no in refrigerated temperature. This study is developed from June 2007 to June 2008. We have analyzed 176 of different cheese samples, 72 of these samples were positive with Staphylococcus aureus. From these 48 were samples of cheese stored in temperature > 10 0 C with microbiological level 10 2 cfu/gr - 10 4 cfu/gr, this temperature is favourable for the production of the toxin, and 24 were samples of cheese stored in temperature < 10 0 C with microbiological level 10 2 cfu/gr–10 5 cfu/gr. This is due to contamination of the cheese with Staphylococcus aureus and its growth is favoured from the no refrigerated storage of cheeses.

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Staphylococcus aureus; cheese; temperature; market

Presentation: oral

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QTL ANALYSIS OF CONDENSED TANNINS CONTENT IN BRASSICA NAPUS L. pag. 274-278

Florin Daniel Lipsa, R. J. Snowdon, W. Friedt

Oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus) represents a potentially valuable source of vegetable protein due to its favourable composition of essential amino acids. However, the use of rapeseed protein for human nutrition is presently not possible due to the presence of major anti-nutritive compounds, which also reduce the value of rapeseed meal as a source of animal feed. Especially relevant in this regard are dietary fibre, dark-coloured tannins and bitter-tasting sinapate esters. Yellow coloured seeds are of particular interest for oilseed rape breeding because of their association with a thinner seed coat resulting in reduced dietary fibre and condensed tannin content. This considerably improves the feed and protein quality of rapeseed meal after oil extraction. Plant tannins make up a distinctive group of high molecular weight phenolic compounds that have the ability to complex strongly with proteins, starch, cellulose and minerals. Chemically three groups of tannins are distinguishable: phlorotannins, hydrolysable and condensed tannins (syn. proanthocyanidins, PAs). In rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) condensed tannins are largely responsible for the dark colour of the seed coat, where they accumulate predominantly in the endothelium cell layer between the outer integument and the aleuronic layer. Whereas the proportion of condensed tannins in the cotyledons of B. napus seeds is comparatively low (0.1-0.5% of dry weight), condensed tannins in dark-seeded B. napus can comprise up to 6% of the seed coat. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed colour, individual and total condensed tannins (syn. proanthocyanidine, PAs) content in a winter rapeseed doubled haploid (DH) population. The plant material consisted of 166 DH lines derived from a cross between an inbred line of the black-seeded German winter oilseed rape cultivar ‘Express’ and the true-breeding, yellow-seeded line ‘1012/98’, both with 00-seed quality. The QTL were mapped using the software PLABQTL based on seed analyses of DH lines grown on field trials in Rauischholzhausen and Gross-Gerau (Germany). Seed colour was measured quantitatively based on digital reflectance values. Individual PAs and total flavonoid content were quantified via HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) using internal standards for quantification.

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Brassica napus; seed colour; condensed tannins; QTL mapping

Presentation: oral

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THE VEGETATION OF THE ACCUMULATION LAKE LIEBLING (TIMIS COUNTY) pag. 279-284

Alina Georgeta Neacşu, Gicu Gabriel Arsene, Alina Fărcăşescu, Florin Faur

The accumulation lake Liebling is located on the course of the Lanca Birda brook, at the altitude of 94 m, on a surface of 60 ha. At present, it is managed by A.J.V.P.S. (The County Association of Sportive Hunters and Fishermen) Timiş, for fishing and recreation. Our research (performed in the period 2004 – 2007) consisted of several trips in the lake area, in various periods, in order to better render the structure of the phyto conenoses. The data processing implied identifying the vegetal associations, following the centralization and analysis of the samples of vegetation collected on the field, drawing up the summary of the cenoetaxonomic units and the analysis of the vegetal associations, having several viewpoints in mind. The study is based upon the principles of the Central-European floristic phyto-coenologic school. There have been identified and analyzed 19 vegetal associations, in accordance with the mentions above.

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phytocoenosis; vegetal association; aquatic and paludicolous vegetation; biodiversity; preservation

Presentation: oral

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THE VEGETATION OF THE ACCUMULATION LAKE SÂNANDREI (TIMIŞ COUNTY) pag. 285-290

Alina Georgeta Neacşu, Gicu Gabriel Arsene, Alina Fărcăşescu, Ciprian Stroia

The accumulation lake Sânandrei was founded in 1971, on the course of the brook Valea Lacului, at an altitude of 117 m, on a surface of 50 ha. At present, the lake is leased to a trading company, which exploits it for fishing and recreation. Our research (performed in the period 2004 – 2007) consisted of several trips in the lake area, in various periods, in order to better render the structure of the phytocoenoses. The data processing implied identifying the vegetal associations, following the centralization and analysis of the samples of vegetation collected on the field, drawing up the summary of the cenoetaxonomic units and the analysis of the vegetal associations, having several viewpoints in mind. The study is based upon the principles of the Central-European floristic phyto-coenologic school. There have been identified and analyzed 13 vegetal associations, in accordance with the mentions above.

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phytocoenosis; vegetal association; aquatic and paludicolous vegetation; biodiversity; preservation

Presentation: oral

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OBSERVATIONS ON SPECIES OF THE GENUS CARABUS L. IN CARPATHIAN ARC pag. 291-296

Florin Prunar, Jean Barloy, Silvia Prunar

A été établie une groupement des espèces utilisant des indices écologiques, la fréquence / constance, l'indice de la diversité de Shannon, la similitude des espèces et des stations utilisant les captures de 5 ans de 50 stations situées dans l'Arc des Carpates. 4370 exemplaires ont été captures de 21 espèces dont 3 eudominantes, 3 dominantes, 4 sousdominantes, 3 recedentes et 8 sousrecedentes respectivement 1 euconstantes, 1 constantes, 7 d`accompagnement et 12 accidentelles.

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genre Carabus L; écologie; répartition

Presentation: oral

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DIURNAL BEHAVIOUR IN PREGNANT SOW pag. 297-300

Olga Rada, Horea Sărăndan, Radu Palicica, Adrian Balint, Călin Luca, Corina Bia, Mihaela Bădiliţă

The experiment was carried out on 80 reproduction sows within a production cycle. Sow lots were constituted 15 days after artificial insemination. Sows were accommodated in boxes of 10 sows each, which means 2.5 m 2 per sow and a foraging front of 40 cm. Between day 15 and day 107 of gestation, sows were weighed weekly to calculate monthly weight gain. Two sow boxes were monitored weekly for 12 hours, in a diurnal regime by video camera recording. We measured and added the times allotted by the sows for resting, moving, feeding, and aggressiveness, and we turned them into recording time shares. Results were correlated with the monthly weight gain in sows and processed to correct technological growth parameters. We could notice that from the first gestation month to the third gestation month resting time increased from 39.82±4.90% to 71.22±3.81% and kept constant until the end of the gestation period. The increase in resting time was compensated by the proportional diminution of the moving time. Sow restricted feeding (2.5 kg mixed feed per day in 2 ratios) resulted in a quasi-constant feeding time during the gestation period. Aggressiveness time diminished from 0.38±0.02% during the first gestation month to 0.06±0.04% in the third gestation month and kept constant until the end of the gestation period. Large individual variations of the time allotted to moving and resting are due to the large differences in weight and age of the sows in the gestation lots. Keeping sows in individual boxes with rigorous control of the amount of feed would allow increased performance of the sows upon farrowing and weaning.

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sows; behaviour; gestation

Presentation: oral

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NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND AGGRESSIVENESS OF PIGLETS IN THE FIRST DAYS AFTER WEANING pag. 301-305

Olga Rada, Horea Sărăndan, Radu Palicica, Attila Morvay, Bogdan Faur

The experiment was performed on 192 piglets, from weaning (28 days) until they were 106 days of age. At weaning, the piglets were separated in groups according to their body mass; 6 piglets were allocated for each box, (0.40 m 2 /piglet). The piglets were weighed at weaning, then at 35 days of age, 64 days and 106 of age, in order to calculate the average daily weight gain. Two boxes of piglets were monitored by video recordings the first 72 hours after weaning and 12 hours when they were 106 days old. Then, from the recordings, we measured the time used for resting, eating, moving and displaying aggressive behaviour. Thus, we noticed that the group hierarchy is established within the first 48 hours after group formation. The stress generated by weaning and parting into groups reflected drastically on the weight gain, especially in the first week after weaning (20% of the growth potential), but also until they were 2 months old (approximately 30% of the growth potential). Improving growth potential after weaning can be obtained by avoiding separation into groups of the piglets from different farrowing boxes, or by keeping piglets in the farrowing boxes until they reach 30-35 kilos. Uniformity in weight and numbers of pigs at weaning facilitates economical use of space in the farm. Another, more practical and economical solution is to avoid the stress generated by establishing the hierarchy among piglets in the group, by smell manipulation or tranquilization after separating into lots.

more abstract
piglets; behaviour; post-weaning

Presentation: oral

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SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES UNDER LONG-TERM TILLAGE AND CROP ROTATION SYSTEMS pag. 306-311

Alina Samuel, Cornel Domuţa, Maria Şandor, Adrian Vuşcan

Agricultural practices that reduce soil degradation and improve agricultural sustainability are needed particularly for preluvosoil. No-tillage planting causes minimal soil disturbance and combined with crop rotation may hold potential to meet these goals. Soil enzyme activities can provide information on how soil management affects the soil potential to perform processes, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Soil enzyme activities (actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) were determined in the 0–20–, 20–40– and 40–60–cm layers of a preluvosoil submitted to a complex tillage (no-till and conventional tillage) and crop rotation (2– and 6–crop rotations) experiment. Each activity in both non-tilled and conventionally tilled soil under all crops of both rotations decreased with increasing sampling depth. No-till – in comparison with conventional tillage – resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities in the 0–20– and in significantly lower activities in the deeper layers. The soil under maize or wheat was more enzyme-active in the 6– than in the 2–crop rotation. In the 2–crop rotation, higher enzymatic activities were recorded under wheat than under maize. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality were calculated from the values of enzymatic activities determined in the plots of the 6-crop rotation. The results obtained show that the different hierarchies of the six plots as registered in 2008 may be related to the different nature of crops and kind of fertilisers. This means that by determination of enzymatic activities, valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils.

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catalase; crop rotation; dehydrogenase; phosphatase; preluvosoil; tillage

Presentation: oral

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THE AGROBIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME PICKS CLONE OF MAIN VARIETY RIGHTS CENTER GROWN IN THE PIETROASA VINEYARD, TO EXTEND IN CULTURE pag. 312-318

Marinela Stroe, Sofia Ispas, Ion Damian

Taking into account the demands on the market, but also to meet the requirements of the European Union, a phase of modernization by means of restructuring the types of varieties, by extending into production of the valuable clones and selections of these sorts in order to diversify the vine-viticulture products and to improve their quality. In this context, the present study is a preliminary indication of the cloned selections of varieties behaviour, Grasa de Cotnari, Tamaioasa romaneasca, Babeasca neagra, Busuioaca de Bohotin, Muscat d’Adda, Muscat de Hamburg – in ecopedoclimatic conditions from Pietroasa vineyard. The study will determine the improvement and completion of current range, in terms of quantity and quality, because each clone, by cultural and quality skills for which it was selected (quantity, quality, mixed), contribute in a complementary manner to achieve quality production in order to obtain wines with denomination of origin.

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selection clonals; quality; quatity

Presentation: oral

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DETECTION OF SR31 AND SR36 STEM RUST RESISTANCE GENES BY MOLECULAR MARKERS IN WHEAT CULTIVARS REGISTERED IN HUNGARY pag. 319-322

László Purnhauser, Lajos Bóna

Two hundred and twenty wheat cultivars registered in Hungary in a period of 35 years, from 1970 to 2005, were investigated by molecular markers to determine the frequency of Sr31 and the Sr36 stem rust resistance genes which are very effective in Hungary to date. Among the 156 Hungarian wheats a significant part (32.7%) had the 1RS.1BL wheat-rye chromosome translocation, the source of Sr31 gene, or the Triticum timopheevi introgression with Sr36 gene (17.3%). In the 64 foreign cultivars, deriving from 12 countries, only 4.7% had the 1RS.1BL and 10.9% carried the Sr36. The maximal frequency of cultivars with 1RS.1BL reached 47% (in 1994), and those of with Sr36 reached 32% (in 1983 and 1984). The occurrence of above genes in some wheat cultivars developed and produced in Romania was also investigated. Owning to the threat of new pathogen race Ug99 appeared in Uganda and which is virulent to Sr31 stem rust resistance genes there is an urgent need to incorporate several other Sr resistance genes against into the new wheat cultivars.

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1BL.1RS; molecular marker; Puccinia graminis; Secale cereale; translocation; Triticum aestivum; Ug99

Presentation: oral

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CONSIDERATIONS UPON THE NOISE GENERATED BY SOME DIESEL ENGINES USED IN AGRICULTURE pag. 325-330

Vasile Bacria, Nicolae Herişanu

A high level of noise characterizes internal combustion engines. This problem primarily affects the environment. In this work, the most important sources of noise for internal combustion engines and their characteristics are presented. Based on experimental measurements, performed in testing laboratory conditions, the variation of noise levels in terms of the parameters that characterize the working of the engine was studied.

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noise levels; internal combustion engines; sources; parameters; measurements

Presentation: oral

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ASPECTS RELATED TO EQUIPMENTS PRODUCED ON NATIONAL LEVEL USED TO PREPARE GERMINATIVE LAYER pag. 331-337

Mircea Bădescu, Adrian Meca, Sorin Boruz

This work reveals aspects related to technologies and equipments used to prepare germinative layer in our country.

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technology, equipment; harrows; combiners

Presentation: oral

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THE STUDY OF THE DIAGNOSIS THEORY APPLIED FOR PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE pag. 338-350

Silviu Băjenaru, Mihai Ganga, Valentin Vlăduţ, Aurel Danciu

This paper had as aim to present the actual stadium in the matter of diagnosis methods, processing methods of the signal, acoustic diagnosis, vibrational diagnosis and vibroacoustic diagnosis.

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diagnosis; noise; vibrations; maintenance; signal

Presentation: oral

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SOME RESEARCHES REGARDING THE USING OF PLOUGH-BODY WITH ANTE-MOULDBOARD IN THE PLOUGHS BUILDING pag. 351-356

Sorin Ştefan Biriş, G. Paraschiv, Sorin Bungescu, Valentin Vlăduţ, Dana Gafiţianu

The plough body with ante-moldboard is a new tillage tool which assures an entire overturn of the furrow, a better incorporation in soil of the vegetable residues, a better disaggregating of the furrow, a diminution of the plough overall size relative to ploughs with ante-plough-body, and just a diminution of the power consumption especially in the case of the clay soils. In the framework of this paper are presented the experimental results regarding the comparative analysis of qualitative parameters of the plowing process for a normal plough with variable working width P-2V, and for a plough with ante-moldboard P-2VA, in the same working conditions.

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moldboard; ante-moldboard; plough; qualitative parameters; plowing process

Presentation: oral

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THE ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON OF „DRIFT” OF THE DROPS AFTER THE SPRAYING ON OAKEN SAPLINGS PLACED IN NEIGHBOURING, EQUIDISTANT AND GROUPED ROWS WITH THE ATOMISER STIHL SR 420 pag. 357-362

Florinel Boja, Nicu Boja, Alin Teuşdea

This paper deals with the phenomenon of „drift” of the drops and the means to diminish it in order to obtain an optimal treatment and a less contamination of the environment with pesticides. This is how average values of the drops which get to drift by using different types of grills placed at the end of the spraying tube are given. In this paper the covering percentage of the drifting drops and their number per cm2 were also established.

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drift; hydro-sensitive paper; type of grid

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH INTO THE VARIATION OF THE KINEMATICS INDEX, OF THE ADVANCE AND THE RELATIVE ADVANCE DEPENDING ON THE DISPLACEMENT SPEED FOR THE AGRIMOTOR- WORKING SOIL ON THE ROW OF TREES TILLAGE CUTTER TECHNICAL SYSTEM pag. 363-366

Sorin Boruz, Mircea Bădescu, Dumitru Ilie, Cristian Vasile

In this paper is presented research into the variation of the kinematics index, of the advance and the relative advance depending on the displacement speed for the rotor tillage - working soil on the row of trees tillage cutter technical system.

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kinematics index; advance; rotor tillage; displacement speed

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHING ABOUT THE BEARING OF THE TUBULAR WIRES AND BI-METAL COMPONENTS FOR HARDENING THE SHARES OF THE PLOUGH BODY pag. 367-378

Delia Braharu, Valentin Vlăduţ, Silviu Băjenaru, Mihai Matache, Elena Postenicu

The paper presents the comportment of some samples taken from the shares of the plough body after it was hardened before by depositing in alveolus using tubular wires with composite core. This comportment is showed by laboratory testing, on a specialized stand, realized so as it can distinguish the wear for different samples taken from plough body (hardened or unhardened) at intensive wear.

more abstract
share; wear; welding; sample; friction; reliability

Presentation: oral

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STUDIES AS CONCERNS THE STRATIFIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS UTILIZATION IN ENGINEERING OF THE MOULDBOARDS OF MODERN MECHANIC PLOUGHS pag. 379-384

Sorin Bungescu, R. Tărcăet, Sorin Ştefan Biriş, Valentin Vlăduţ, Florin Imbrea

The paper presents the results of the author’s researches on the line of pointing out the differences of behaviour at the requirements of the stratified composite materials used in the moldboard’s engineering of mechanic ploughs and pointing out the advantages in using the stratified composite materials in comparison with the traditional materials.

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stratified composite materials; moldboard

Presentation: oral

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THE AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY SOLID BIOMASS POTENTIAL AT NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND ON AREAS LEVEL pag. 385-396

Aurel Danciu, Mihai Matache, Valentin Vlăduţ, Silviu Băjenaru, Iulian Voicea

In this paper it was pursued the identification and the presentation of the agricultural and forestry biomass potential from Romania, referring to the measures taken in the EU states, for the pollution reduction and the identification of new regenerative energy sources.

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biomass; resources; agricultural; forestry; potential

Presentation: oral

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SOFTWARE FOR EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL FARM ENERGY POTENTIAL pag. 397-402

Teodora Deac, Victor Roş, Florin Mariaşiu, Marius Deac

In the context of increasing energy prices and the reduction of world fossil fuels reserves it is necessary to use other available energy sources. Agriculture represents an important source of renewable energy sources and in the same time an important energy consumer. Agricultural farms, for vegetal, animal or mixed production have the possibility to use their own sources of energy to meet their requirements, sources which are available as secondary products or even waste. On one hand, using this energy sources enables the farmer to obtain the energetic independence of the farm and, on the other hand, to reduce the energy costs and eliminates the impact of waste to the environment (animal farms can use the manure for biogas production). In order to correctly identify the farm energy potential and to select the optimal solution for its capitalization, it is necessary to carry out the energetic balance sheet witch provides the required information. The present paper presents a software program that offers the possibility of proper evaluation of the farm energy potential. The software is flexible, easy to use and because it’s modular structure it can be easily adapted to any type of farm, for vegetal, animal or mixed production. The results obtained from the input data are presented in a table format making them easy to read and understand. The energetic balance sheet contains the required information about the energetic potential. This newly developed software is meant as a useful tool for the farmers, allowing the correct and efficient evaluation of their own farm’s energetic potential.

more abstract
agricultural farm; energy sources; energy balance sheet

Presentation: oral

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POSSIBILITIES OF EFFICIENT USE OF WOOD WASTE FROM SILVICULTURE AND WOOD INDUSTRY pag. 403-408

Teodora Deac, Victor Roş, Florin Mariaşiu, Gheorge Borza

The improvement of living standards in the rural areas of our country has the effect of increasing the energy demand meant for both household and agricultural processes. In Romania, the access to centralized thermal energy and fossil fuel (natural gas) distribution networks is limited to urban and adjacent areas. In these conditions, the main sources of energy in the rural areas are the forest fund (firewood). The uncontrolled exploitation of the forest fund as a thermal energy source as well as for industrial purposes (as a raw material in the timber industry) has led, in recent years, to its continuous degradation. Large quantities of waste (mainly sawdust) stored in inappropriate conditions, cause soil and water quality degradation. It is necessary on one hand to use new thermal energy generation sources in rural areas, and on the other hand, to use wood residues from forestry exploitation. The present paper evaluates the energy potential from wood residual products (mainly sawdust) ant the potential use as a thermal energy source for rural areas. This evaluation is meant to be a useful tool for rural areas inhabitants to increase the degree of utilization of potential energy sources witch are already available in these areas and to reduce the costs for thermal energy generation.

more abstract
energy sources; wood waste; sawdust

Presentation: oral

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TECHNICAL PERFORMANCES OF PRECISION SOWING MACHINES USED IN THE CULTIVATION OF MAIZE pag. 409-413

Gheorghe Drăgoi, Lorin Piloca, Cornelia Tonea, Radu Ilea, Daniel Popa

In this paper we present the technical performances of the precision sowing machines MONOSEM NG and MONOSEM NG PLUS that were tested on the stand and in working conditions. The machines were tried at different working speeds and we monitored in particular the seed distribution evenness reached by distribution devices. We could see that, though mechanic-pneumatic distribution apparatuses have a more complicated structure, they operate well and achieve a sowing precision corresponding to the crop requirements. Data showed that sowing speed should be limited to 8 km/h and that higher speeds leads to a decrease of seed distribution evenness below admitted limits.

more abstract
precision sowing machine; mechanic-pneumatic distribution machine; individual and centralised operating; technical performance

Presentation: oral

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CULTIVATING MAIZE IN UNCONVENTIONAL SOIL WORKING SYSTEMS pag. 414-417

Gheorghe Drăgoi, Lorin Piloca, Dan Nicolae Manea

In this paper we present the impact of maize cultivation method on some soil physical features and on yield. We used two soil working systems – the classical one and the unconventional (conservative) one. Trials were carried out in the soil and climate conditions of the Banat Plain at the SCDA Lovrin (Timis County) between 2007 and 2008. Starting from the necessity of removing the disadvantages of the conventional system, developing soil working alternative technologies that ensure the conservation and maintenance of the soil productive capacity as well as the diminution of the energy consumption are nowadays basic requirements of development and of sustainable agriculture.

more abstract
minimal works; physical features; yield

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES ON THE AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OPERATOR PERFORMANCES pag. 418-421

Mariana Dumitru

The purpose of the paper is to emphasize the fact that operator performance is one of the most important components of economic performance of a machine system. A manager must consider the type, amount and value of required operator labour when planning for mechanized agricultural production. In the paper are presented the changes appeared in our days in operator labour at modern tractors or other agricultural machines: automatic machine control, the global positioning system and others. The methods used for obtaining the diagrams are those of direct measurement made on tractors and agricultural machines. The degree of originality of the paper consists in the fact that few researches studied the importance of human operator in the performance of a machine.

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operator performance; automatic control; global positioning system

Presentation: oral

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STUDIES AND RESEARCHES ON TILLAGE MACHINES pag. 422-426

Mariana Dumitru

The paper refers to those mechanical soil- manipulating actions that nurture crops. Some researches are made on different types of plows: mouldboard plows, disk plows, middle-breakers. The experiments refer to the effect of hard surfing on wear and draft of 35 cm flat expendable shares in dry sandy loan-soil. There also are considerations made on disk plow adjustments and sub-surface tooling adjustments. The material used is mainly the plow in different types and the method consists in direct measurements of certain parameters in order to make diagrams and to achieve different adjustments. The originality of the paper consists in the experiments made by author on different tillage machines.

more abstract
tillage machines; plows

Presentation: oral

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DIGITALLY CONTROLLED CEREAL TRANSPORTER pag. 427-431

Flaviu Mihai Frigură-Iliasa, Sorin Bungescu

Digital control made by using PLC’s (Programmable Logic Controllers) is today the most common technical solution applied to industrial command circuits, due to some obvious advantages like simplicity, flexibility, liability and no maintenance. This paper presents an original technical solution concerning that type of command used for all electrical equipment used on a classic conveyor sequence in agriculture, based on a Möeller PS4 industrial PLC.

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digital control; cereal transporter

Presentation: oral

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NEW MECHANIZATION ALTERNATIVES WITH LOW INPUTS FOR OVER SOWING DEGRADED GRASSLANDS pag. 432-437

Ioan Hermenean, V. Mocanu

The paper is well suited for current tendency for promoting new technological solutions for mechanization of grassland farming with low input systems. New technological alternatives, full presented in the paper, are focused on mechanization of over sowing operations for improvement of degraded grasslands invaded by mole-hills of different sizes and density level or invaded both of non value vegetations and mole-hills. The over sowing consists in realizing the optimum conditions of plant growing, diminishing the competition of the old sward and over sowing operation. New technological alternatives for mechanization of over sowing operation are based on composing of complex aggregates using the current research results from agricultural mechanization field. The utilization of the complex farming aggregates provide the realization of 2, 3 or 4 operations by one pass machine, in comparison with usual variants within are used simple aggregates, achieving one or two operations by one passing. Therefore the new technological solutions of mechanization involve less fuel consumptions, lower necessary labour, reduced passes number, depending on stationary area conditions and mechanization alternative. Because of these advantages, new mechanization solutions for improvement of degraded grasslands by over sowing method have a low ecological impact, less environment pollution, lower inputs in according with low production costs.

more abstract
variants for mechanization; over sowing; degraded grasslands

Presentation: oral

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON FLAT SIEVE WORKING PROCESSES pag. 438-442

Radu Ilea, Cornelia Tonea, Gheorghe Drăgoi, Daniel Popa, Lorin Piloca

The separation of seeds from the heap is effected thanks to the vibration of the flat sieves. The efficiency of the cleaning process of the sieves from the cleaning system depends on the following factors: the inclination of the sieves, the sieves size and mainly of the character of the relative movements of the seeds on the sieve, respectively the cinematic regime of the sieves. For the experimental tests, it was used the selector of the seed cleaning machine, where the supply discharge and sieve inclination angle were modified.

more abstract
flat sieves; sliding regimes; relative motion

Presentation: oral

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LAND FRAGMENTATION AND UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN ALBANIAN CONDITIONS pag. 443-450

Etleva Jojiç, Bujar Huqi, Fatbardh Sallaku, Odeta Tota, Shkelqim Fortuzi

At the start of the ‘90s the entire agricultural sector was crippled so badly that it sustained some irretrievable huge damage. Needless to say, this period of time was associated with profound socio-economic and political-cultural upheavals. The rapid dismantling of the cooperative-based system and the abandonment of services in the dinosaur-shaped state-run enterprises as a result of the departure of the labour force and the ensuing unfathomable destructions brought about a complete change of the Albanian agriculture landscape. At the moment around 54 % of the population lives in the countryside and the agricultural production accounts for approximately 22.6 % (year 2004) of the GDP (General Domestic Product). According to data made available from Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Protection (MAFCP) there are oscillations in respect of the number of farms from one year to the next. We also have a yearly reduction by 1.6% of the number of farms from 1995 to 2000, followed by a small increase in their numbers until 2003, followed by yet another reduction during the period 2004-2005 reaching the figure of 374, 517 farms in 2005. Agricultural land remains over the stretch of years in nearly the same ratio to the total area of land, according to the statistics of 2005 the agricultural land was roughly 698, 780 ha of land, and constitutes 24 % of the total area of land. With the exception of the forage area which has increased on average at 3.5 % each year since 1999, the areas under other crops has experienced steady declines, which can be attributed in part to the change of ratios between the two major branches of agricultural production (agriculture and livestock) in favour of the latter. The up-to-now machineries being used is intended to replace the arduous task of the labour force which uses up much power and time through the traditional aggregates. One peculiarity of agricultural machineries in Albania is the structure and quality of equipments that are being limited to classical ones such as plows with 2, 3, and 4 blades, discs, sowing machineries for maize and other cereals. The scale of utilization of agricultural machineries for basic operations of land tillage: plowing, milling, and sowing is relatively low and distributed across such values: Mechanically plowed some 42 % of agricultural land or 79 % of the total area tilled; Mechanically milled 39 % of the agricultural area or 81 % of the total are milled; Mechanically sowed 32 %of agricultural land or 68 % of the total area sowed. The expenditures done on the agricultural machineries (with reference to 2005) represent the lowest figure in terms of costs of production, only 6% of total cost.

more abstract
agricultural machinery; land; fragmentation; farm; agricultural area

Presentation: oral

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POSSIBILITIES TO DETERMINATE THE BIOFUELS PHYSICALLY PARAMETERS IN FUNCTIONAL CONDITIONS pag. 451-456

Florin Mariaşiu, Nicolae Burnete, Teodora Deac

There are currently numerous scientific papers and researches have highlighted the importance of physical properties of bio fuels in optimal functioning of the equipment of injection of internal combustion engines. Properties as viscosity, density and calorific value were considered to be the most important and relevant to current studies and surveys on the use of bio fuels. However, the multitude of researches carried out (both at national as well as internationally) were used as experimental apparatus, the apparatus allowing only change the physical characteristics of property only in terms of atmospheric pressure or in conditions existing inside the combustion chamber. This paper proposes a new approach through the use of research facilities based on the principle of ultrasonic measurements, possibly carrying out such experiments (and the issuance of necessary conclusions) in accordance with the terms of the functional internal combustion engine powered by bio fuel. Establishing the exact physical properties of bio fuel based on functional factors opens the way to new research related to increasing energy efficiency of internal combustion engines fuelled by bio fuel, with the possibility of practical realization of electronic systems (a "flex fuel cell") that allow adaptation functionality injection system with quality bio fuel (fuel) use.

more abstract
ultrasound; bio fuels; physically properties; functional conditions; IC engine

Presentation: oral

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ANTICOLLISION ALGORITHM FOR V2V AUTONOMUOS AGRICULTURAL MACHINES pag. 457-462

Florin Mariaşiu, Teodora Deac

On the present more and more world food quantity demands, the role of the agriculture machine producers is very important trough the permanent target to improve the functionally and operationally capacity of the agricultural machinery system to can achieve the proposed goals of increasing the agricultural productivity and also to can make possible the application in agriculture of the newest technologies. From human labour, through animal power, to mechanical power - agricultural machinery systems have evolved to meet the challenge but this continue development has been fuelled by a need to increase productivity, reduce human drudgery, and decrease peak labour demands.This paper evaluates (by analogy with the systems developed or developing related to road traffic) a comparative analysis of different systems of command and control and proposes a simple algorithm to avoid accidents by two or more autonomous agricultural machinery. The algorithm was developed and will be implemented in future phases of research and is based on the use of functions of GPS (Global Positioning System) integrated into the computer systems of command and control. It is also the first national study by addressing, and implementing research results in agricultural autonomous machines.

more abstract
autonomous agricultural machine; collision; algorithm; GPS systems

Presentation: oral

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NEW MECHANIZATION ALTERNATIVES WITH LOW INPUTS FOR RESEEDING DEGRADED GRASSLANDS pag. 463-467

V. Mocanu, Ioan Hermenean

The paper is well suited for current tendency to promote new technological solutions for mechanization of grassland farming with low input systems. New technological alternatives, at full presented in paper, are focussed on mechanization of reseeding operations for the following degraded pasture types: deep fertile soil and thin sward; deep fertile soil and deep sward, thin fertile soil and deep sward; thin fertile soil and thin sward; affected of erosion. For mechanization of involved operations, the new technological solutions are based on composing of complex aggregates using the current research results from agricultural mechanization. The utilization of the complex farming aggregates provide the realization of 2, 3, 4 or 5 operations by one pass machine, in comparison with usual variants where achieves one operation by one passing. Therefore the new technological solutions of mechanization involve less fuel consumptions, lower necessary labour, a reduced passing number, depending on stationary area conditions and mechanization alternative. Because of these advantages, new mechanization solutions for improvement of degraded grasslands by reseeding method have a low ecological impact, less environment pollution, lower inputs in according with low production costs.

more abstract
variants of mechanization; complex aggregates; reseeding; degraded grasslands

Presentation: oral

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TESTING OF THE SPRAYING MACHINES- PREREQUISITE FOR HIGH QUALITY PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENTS pag. 468-473

Elena Mihaela Nagy, C. Cota, N. Cioica

In this paper are presented two stands for testing characteristics of spraying machines, respective the uniformity of distribution, regarding spraying quality increase. The quality of a phyto-pharmaceutical treatment made by spraying liquid is determined both by treatment efficiency in point of pest extermination and by reduction of the pollution of the environment.Improved and maintained level in farming product and equipment quality forms a basic component while aligning with the requirements in this domain of the European Union.

more abstract
testing stand; spraying machines; phyto-pharmaceutical treatments; environmental protection

Presentation: oral

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THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR THE LASER CUTTING OF THE COGGED WHEELS MADE OF PLASTIC MATERIAL, USING THE TAGUCHI ROBUST DESIGN pag. 474-480

Cosmin Laurenţiu Ionescu, Ioan Nicoară, Corina Gruescu

The utilization of the robust design Taguchi realizes the optimization of the laser beam reshaping of the cogged wheels made of plastic material. The experiments realized so far, have followed to relate the laser beam parameters and to establish the nominal optimum values of these ones, so that, to be able to control the shape, the dimensions and the state indicators of the wheels surface, and the processing efficiency to be the highest possible. The plastic material cogged wheels obtained through unconventional technologies (processing with CO2 laser) are used especially for prototypes due to their high productivity and low producing costs compared to the ones obtained through conventional technologies.

more abstract
gears; laser processing; Taguchi’s Robust Design

Presentation: oral

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NEW MANURE SPREADING TECHNOLOGIES IN ROMANIA pag. 481-483

Gigel Paraschiv, Lucreţia Popa, Ancuţa Nedelcu, Anca Atanasescu

In this paper are presented the manure spreading technologies, enabled in Romania, on the plane soil.

more abstract
manure spreading technologies

Presentation: oral

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STUDY ABOUT THE POWER CONSUMPTIONS TO THE WORKS OF THE SOIL pag. 484-488

Daniel Popa, Cornelia Tonea, Gheorghe Drăgoi, Radu Ilea, Lorin Piloca, Elena Tonea, Alexandra Becherescu

This paperwork presents the influence of tillage methods upon fuel consumption, one of the basic requirements of a profitable agriculture. Experiments were carried out in the soil conditions of the Didactic Station from Banat`s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - Timişoara (Timiş County) between and we used two soil-working methods: conventionally technology and no-tillage technology.

more abstract
fuel consumption; no-tillage system; maize crop

Presentation: oral

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MANURE SPREADING MACHINE OF 5 TONS CAPACITY, MG-5 pag. 489-493

Lucreţia Popa, Ion Pirna, Ancuţa Nedelcu, Radu Ciuperca

In this paper is presented the new manure spreader machine, which has been designed in Romania, at INMA Bucharest and aims at performing the natural fertilizing by manure spreading. It has been achieved with help of a consortium, comprising 5 partners: INMA Bucharest, INOE 200 - IHP, INCDMF Bucharest, University Transylvania Brasov, Polytechnic University, Bucharest.

more abstract
manure spreading machine

Presentation: oral

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STUDIES ON SUPERFICIAL TILLAGE WITH AGGREGATES OF 45 HP, 65HP, 70 HP TRACTORS AND PLOUGHS WITH 2, 3 AND 4 PLOUGH BODIES pag. 494-498

Cornelia Tonea, Radu Ilea, Gheorghe Drăgoi, Daniel Popa, Lorin Piloca, Elena Tonea

Field crop cultivation on wide areas needs superficial tillage 15-20 cm deep in the soil to ensure optimal conditions for sowing and seed germination. From an agro-technological point of view, superficial tillage stores water in the soil and controls weeds, thus ensuring optimal development conditions. Though simple apparently, it should be paid proper attention to get proper quality indices with minimal costs and low fuel consumption.

more abstract
soil breaking up degree; soil aeration degree; tillage quality; working width

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES REGARDING THE OBTAINED OIL CHARACTERIZATION BY COLD PRESSING OF RAPE SEEDS pag. 499-504

Valentin Vlăduţ, Paul Găgeanu, Sorin Bungescu, Sorin Ştefan Biriş

The aim of paper is the determination of oil content from rape seeds, using a press type SK 130, made in Germany. Also, we follow up the determination of the viscosity and heat capacity, in view of the settlement of work method which will be use the little farmer and enterprising whence working in the domain.

more abstract
oil; content; vegetables products; rape; testing

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE ENSILAGE OF FODDER CROPS IN POLY-ETHYLENE BAGS pag. 505-511

Emil Voicu, Virgil Gângu, Paul Pîrşan, Gica Ciurel, Alina Dumitru

The paper presents and analyses a new ensiling method for green fodder, by manufacturing a specialised machine which answers the pressing of chopped fodder into a polyethylene bag, in view of its ensiling. Further on, we present the working process and the main technical characteristics of green fodder ensiling machine MIF, as well as the social and, economic advantages of fodder ensiling in polyethylene.

more abstract
green fodder ensiling machine; rotor with spurs; carrier with scrapers

Presentation: oral

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OENOTHERA BIENNIS L. IN SOUTH-WESTERN BANAT pag. 512-517

Gheorghe David, Simona Niţă, Adrian Borcean

Common evening primrose or Evening star is an important medicinal plant known as the “supreme antidote”. Original from Central America, it is spread nowadays all over Europe, Asia, New Zeeland and Australia. The plant parts that are used are: seeds, leaves, seed oil, and roots. Therapeutic uses: hypo-lowering cholesterol level, anti-inflammatory. Therapeutic directions: skin diseases, neuro-dermatitis, rheumatism, liver diseases, convulsive cough, etc. Seed oil is a potential treatment for a large number of diseases such as eczema, cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and in the pharmaceutics industry. The material studied was a population from Sasca, harvested from the Nera River basin. In the paper we present results of biometrical measurements concerning the evolution of the following features: plant height, number of ramifications per plant, number of capsules per plant, volume of 1000 grains, and seed oil content evolution. The study was carried out on three different agri-funds: N 0 P 60 K 60 , N 50 P 60 K 60 , and N 150 P 60 K 60 . Research results point out the positive effect of nitrogen fertilisation on both plant growth and ramification and seed weight features, and the negative impact of fertilisation on seed oil content.

more abstract
Common evening primrose; Oenothera biennis L.; fertilisation

Presentation: oral

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COMPOUNDING AS THE WORD FORMATION TYPE OF INSECT NAMES IN GERMAN pag. 518-521

Rodica Liana Zehan

Compounding is a productive word formation process in German by which new words of any lexical category are formed. Most of the compounds are nouns and they obey the “right-hand head rule” meaning that the rightmost word is a noun and determines the semantic and morphsyntactic properties. The present paper tries to classify the insect names in German according to this type of compounding.

more abstract
words; compound; modifier; head

Presentation: oral

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