Vol 55, No 2 (2023)
INNOVATIONS IN AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: A TRANSNATIONAL REVIEW* pag. 3-12
Andra-Ioana BALAUR1 , A. I. CALINThis article examines aquaponic systems, which represent an innovative agriculture method that combines aquaculture and hydroponic techniques with the purpose of growing vegetables, fish, and microorganisms. Also called "aquaponics", these systems are an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional agriculture, because they require less land, less water, close to no fertilizers and/or pesticides to ensure food production and food safety. The current review of 25 studies from the scientific literature aims to contribute to the understanding of recent innovations in aquaponic systems by providing a comprehensive analysis thereof. The goal is to help identify the best practices, challenges, and potential improvements in aquaponics. The analysis reveals that recent innovations in aquaponics encompass a multitude of aspects, including system design, operation, and the optimization of plant and fish growth. These innovations have expanded the feasibility of aquaponics, making it increasingly adaptable to diverse environmental conditions and production goals. The degree of novelty observed in recent aquaponic innovations underscores the dynamic nature of this field, with numerous ongoing efforts to address emerging challenges and opportunities. We conclude that the reviewed studies offer a valuable repository of knowledge, offering the potential to shape future research, guide practical applications, and influence policy decisions aimed at harnessing the full potential of aquaponic systems on a global scale.
more abstractinnovation, aquaponics, aquaculture, hydroponics, sustainability
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DownloadCHARACTERIZATION OF A TERRITORIAL ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT BASED ON REMOTE SENSING IMAGES* pag. 13-20
R. BERTICI1, Adina HORABLAGA1, C. A. POPESCU1, L. O. DRAGOMIR1, D. DICU1*, Iudit BERE – SEMEREDI2, M. V. HERBEI1, F. SALA1Remote sensing, regardless of the nature of the applications, uses electromagnetic radiation to obtain images of bodies from a certain altitude (plane, satellite, balloon, helicopter) because in this way, the image can be used to obtain maps and plans, and interpretation of objects is optimal and easy. The remote sening (RS) techniques are used in a lot of studies, in the dynamics of changes in the cover of the vegetal carpet, in forecasting studies, in various fields such as: agriculture, environmental protection, forestry. Remote sensing systems are developing rapidly and support the decision-making process due to the effectiveness of remote sensing images that can provide useful spectral information. The present research had as its main purpose the study of the dynamics of entire UAT Satchinez, based on the spectral information obtained from Ladsat 8 satellite images and processed with specialized GIS and remote sensing programs namely ERDAS Imagery and ArcGIS, on the basis of which thematic maps were created with various combinations of spectral bands and 3 normalized indices of differentiation, useful in monitoring and analysis processes of the territory. It was downloaded and processed a satellite scene from the LANDSAT 8 remote sensing system, who receives satellite images in 11 spectral bands. Based on the spectral bands, various differentiation indexes useful in territorial analysis can be calculated: NDVI, SAVI, NDMI. These indices are calculated based on mathematical formulas that use the spectral bands of the remote sensing system used.
more abstractLandsat 8, band combination,remote sensing,NDVI, SAVI, NDMI
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DownloadCHALLENGES AND ISSUES FOR FARMERS IN THE MODERN ERA* pag. 21-32
M. COSTEA1, D. LEAH1, R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. M. STANCIU1, P. MERGHEȘ1, Mărioara NICULA-NEAGU1,C. DUMITRESCU 1, Andreea FEHER1The role of farmers in the modern era is both pivotal and complex, as they stand at the nexus of food production, environmental stewardship, and economic sustainability. This abstract delves into the multifaceted challenges and pressing issues that confront farmers in this dynamic landscape. In an era defined by rapid technological advancements, shifting consumer demands, environmental concerns, and global market dynamics, the modern farmer faces a unique set of challenges. In the intricate web of our contemporary world, the role of farmers emerges as nothing short of pivotal, and yet their journey is one that traverses a landscape as intricate as the crops they cultivate. The modern farmer, often obscured beneath the broad brim of a sun-worn hat, is a figure who carries the aspirations of a global society—a society demanding sustenance, stewardship, and stability. Modern farmers find themselves at the confluence of diverse challenges that shape the dynamics of contemporary agriculture. This abstract provides a concise overview of the critical issues that weigh on the minds and shoulders of those who till the soil and tend to livestock. In an era marked by technological innovation, shifting consumer preferences, environmental concerns, and global market fluctuations, the challenges facing modern farmers are both intricate and pressing. In conclusion, modern farmers confront a complex web of challenges, including technological disparities, environmental sustainability, consumer-centric farming, economic uncertainties, rural depopulation, and policy advocacy. Their journey is one of adaptation and resilience as they navigate the evolving landscape of agriculture and its multifaceted challenges.
more abstractchallenges, issues, farmers, technologies, modern
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DownloadIMPACT OF IRRIGATION IN MALI pag. 33-43
A. COUMARE1, R. PAȘCALĂU1 , Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. M. STANCIU1, C. SĂLĂȘAN1, M.COUMARE2, L.SOUMANO2, M. BAKHLI3Mali, located in the heart of West Africa, is a land of contrasts. It encompasses the sprawling Sahara Desert in the north and the lush Niger River Delta in the south. This geographic diversity has long defined Mali's agricultural landscape, where the availability of water has been the central determinant of prosperity and sustenance. In recent decades, however, a transformative force has been shaping the nation's agriculture, one that promises to change the course of its economic development and food security: irrigation. The role of irrigation in Mali cannot be overstated. Historically, Mali's agriculture has relied on rain-fed cultivation, subject to the caprices of a fickle climate. Rainfall patterns are unpredictable, and periods of drought can lead to crop failures, food shortages, and economic instability. In this context, irrigation emerges as a game-changer, a technology that seeks to harness the power of water to unlock the nation's agricultural potential. Mali's irrigation initiatives, driven by government policies and international collaborations, have ushered in a new era of agricultural development. From the extensive rice paddies of the Office du Niger to the community-managed market gardens, irrigation systems are transforming arid lands into productive oases. This shift not only ensures year-round cultivation but also diversifies crop choices and significantly increases agricultural yields. In this comprehensive exploration of the impact of irrigation in Mali, we delve into the multifaceted dimensions of this transformative endeavour. From the socio-economic implications for rural communities to the environmental considerations and the broader implications for food security, the influence of irrigation is profound. It has the potential to alleviate poverty, empower women, bolster resilience to climate change, and position Mali as a regional breadbasket. This study embarks on a journey through the verdant fields and arid landscapes of Mali, seeking to understand how the introduction of irrigation is changing lives, livelihoods, and the nation's agricultural trajectory. By examining the various aspects of this evolving story, we can grasp the significance of irrigation as a catalyst for a more sustainable, prosperous, and food-secure Mali.
more abstractirrigation, impact, importance, Mali, climate changes, environment
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DownloadEFFICACY OF EGG-PARASITIC WASPS (TRICHOPLUS CAPSELS) IN THE INSECT PEST CONTROL OF SWEET CORN* pag. 44-51
Erzsébet CSENGERI1, Katalin MOLNÁR2, P. KRIZSÁN1, B. GOMBOS1Pest management is one of the biggest challenges in the plant protection of sweet corn cultivation. The most destructive insect pests of sweet corn in Hungary are European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) and the corn earworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.). Damage caused mainly by larvae. Chewed corn cobs are unmarketable, and a significant yield loss can also occur. Chemical insecticides control is the most widespread, but the demand for the use of the biological method is increasing. The aim of the present work is to compare the effectiveness of the conventional chemical method and the biological control by egg-parasitic wasps, Trichogramma pintoi, T. evascens (Trichoplus capsules) under operating conditions. The research was carried out in the growing season of 2019 and 2020 in the area of Csárdaszállás-Gyomaendrőd settlements (SE Hungary). We monitored the imagos of both species using pheromone and food traps. The number of damaged corn cobs was counted on the day of harvest in the sample areas. The cob damage ratio data were analyzed using the SPSS Generalized Linear Model using a One-way, Random Block Design ANOVA method. The number of H. armigera caught peaked at the end of July in both years, while O. nubialis only started to appear in the traps at that time. Chemical control was carried out twice in 2019, which was overall more effective than the Trichoplus treatment. The proportion of damaged corn cobs was 7.2% and 9.5%, which is a significant but not a large difference. Due to very rainy weather in 2020, only one insecticide treatment was performed in conventional cultivation. This did not provide adequate protection, the proportion of damaged corn cobs exceeded 20%. Biological control, which takes into account trap signalling, was more successful this year than chemical control, but even in addition, significant damage of nearly 15% occurred.
more abstractcob protection, Trichogramma, sweet corn, insect pests
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DownloadSUSTAINABLE COMMUNICATION FROM A BIOSEMIOTIC PERSPECTIVE pag. 52-56
Alina Andreea DRAGOESCU1, Alexandra Ioana IBRIC 1, Iasmina IOSIM1, Carmen DURAU1, M. R. LUNGU2By The present research aims at conducting a theoretical analysis of the fundamental concepts proposed by biosemiotics, while highlighting the ways in which an accurate understanding of these ideas may benefit educators and their students as members who partake in the communicative academic community. Thus, by acquiring ecolinguistic and biosemiotic skills designed for perceiving and understanding the world ecologically, learners may become adept at decoding complex meaning-making systems by co-participating in a sustainable and ecosystemic culture. At the crossroads between ecolinguistics and ecosemiotic methodologies, ecological thinking has recently been widened from the natural and life sciences towards the humanities with a view to developing a more encompassing “ecology of mind”. Thus, the paper inquires into the relevance of developing a holistic communicative framework, based on meeting points between humanistic sciences, life sciences, and biosemiotics, which reinforces sustainable educational practices. The prevailing lines of research coming into junction from these intersecting fields underlying our study highlight systems thinking and other holistic aspects of communication extended far beyond the formal aspects of classical linguistic structuralism. Therefore, we propose that updated language learning practices and other processes pertaining to language interaction be supported by meaningful exchange and a genuine sense of shared meaning.
more abstractecological education, foreign languages, ESP for the Life Sciences, communication
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DownloadSECONDARY METABOLITES IN PLANTS: STRUCTURE, BIOSYNTHESIS, BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES* pag. 57-71
Doris FLOAREȘ1, Loredana PLUȘTEA2, C. DINULESCU2, Ersilia ALEXA2, Isidora RADULOV1Medicinal plants' diverse and multifaceted pharmacological effects are primarily based on their phytochemical components. These components are generally divided into two groups based on their involvement in basic metabolic processes: primary and secondary metabolites. Primary plant metabolites are involved in essential life functions and are fairly consistent in all living cells. Conversely, secondary plant metabolites are the products of auxiliary pathways, such as the shikimic acid pathway. In the study of the medicinal properties of herbs, secondary plant metabolites are the focus of attention. These compounds have played an important role in traditional and folk medicine in alleviating various ailments. A good understanding of the chemical composition of plants leads to a better appreciation of their potential medicinal value. Secondary metabolites of plants are numerous chemical compounds produced by plant cells through metabolic pathways derived from primary metabolic pathways. Each plant family, genus and species produces a specific mixture of these secondary metabolites, sometimes contributing to the taxonomic classification of plants. In modern medicine, they have served as starting points for developing drugs to treat a wide range of conditions. Secondary plant metabolites are classified into different classes based on their chemical structures. In this review, we will explore the different categories of plant secondary metabolites, their localisation in the plant, their biosynthesis and their significant bioactivities.
more abstractsecondary metabolites, phenolics, terpenes, alkaloids, biosynthetic pathway
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DownloadBIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE CARIBBEAN pag. 72-77
F. GUYVENCHY1, R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. M. STANCIU1The Caribbean is a region of great biodiversity and is home to a large number of unique species of plants and animals. However, this biodiversity is threatened by climate change, which is having a significant impact on the region. One of the biggest threats to biodiversity in the Caribbean is rising sea levels, which are caused by the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps. As sea levels rise, coastal habitats such as mangroves and coral reefs are being destroyed, which is having a significant impact on the many species that depend on these habitats for their survival. For example, coral reefs are home to a huge variety of marine life, including fish, crustaceans, and molluscs. As the reefs are destroyed, many of these species are losing their habitats and becoming endangered. Another major impact of climate change on the Caribbean is the increase in temperature. This is causing changes in rainfall patterns, which in turn is affecting the growth and distribution of many plant species. In addition, many animal species are struggling to adapt to the changing climate, which is leading to declines in their populations. Overall, the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the Caribbean are complex and varied. However, it is clear that urgent action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the impacts of climate change on the regions rich and diverse ecosystems.
more abstractBiodiversity, Caribbean, coastal, climate, ecosystem, system, temperature, climate, gas emission, greenhouse, management, Haiti
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DownloadWEED MAPPING AND INFLUENCE OF THE WEED INFESTATION ON SUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY pag. 78-84
Kristiyana IVANOVA1, N. NESHEV1Sunflower is a major field oilseed crop in Bulgaria. Uncontrolled weed flora is the main competitor during sunflowers' vegetation. The present study aims to determine the weed infestation in different growth stages of sunflowers and to determine their influence on the productivity of the crop. The study was conducted during two sunflower growing seasons with the sunflower hybrid „Coloris“ CL in 2022 and 2023. The experiment was carried out on the agricultural land of Novoseltsi village, in the region of Vidin city, Bulgaria. The weed mapping was determined by the П-method for weed survey in spring field crops. A comparison of the weed infestation was determined between untreated plot and plot with an application of the tank mixture of the herbicidal products Pulsar Plus (25 g/l imazamox) – 1.60 l ha-1 + Stratos Ultra (100 g/l cycloxydim) – 2.00 l ha-1. The herbicides were applied in the 4th-6th true leaf stage of sunflower. In the two experimental years, the sunflower was grown after preceding crop winter wheat. During the two years of the study, and during the two survey periods (Ist – in growth stage 8th - 10th true leafs stage of sunflower, and IInd - during the flowering of the crop) the predominant weed species were ragweed (Ambrosia artemisifolia L.) and wild hemp (Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.), followed by the weed Rough cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). During the trial, no visual signs of phytotoxicity were detected in sunflower after the application of Pulsar Plus + Stratos Ultra in tank mixture. Sunflower seed moisture content was higher for the plants from the untreated plot. Statistically higher results for the studied indicators, such as seed yield, absolute and hectoliter seed mass were established after the application of Pulsar Plus + Stratos Ultra.
more abstractweeds, sunflower, yield
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DownloadNEW TRENDS AND PARTICULARITIES OF LAVENDER CULTURE pag. 85-92
A.R. JIGĂU1, F. IMBREA1, R. PAȘCALĂU1. The culinary world has a long-standing fascination with lavender, thanks to its distinctive floral aroma. Historically, lavender primarily found its place in traditional practices, being used in herbal teas and as a component in potpourri. However, a notable shift has occurred in recent years, with lavender gaining substantial popularity in the food industry. This surge in interest is particularly evident in modern cuisine and the development of various food and beverage products. Lavender's transition from a mere botanical element to a sought-after culinary ingredient can be attributed to its unique and captivating flavour profile. The delicate, floral notes it imparts to dishes and beverages have intrigued chefs and food enthusiasts alike, leading to creative experimentation and culinary innovation. Modern cuisine has embraced lavender as a versatile ingredient, showcasing its versatility in both sweet and savoury applications. Lavender-infused desserts, such as lavender-infused ice creams, cakes, and cookies, have become staples on trendy menus. Similarly, lavender finds a place in savoury dishes, where it contributes an unexpected twist to dishes like lavender-infused sauces, marinades, and even lavender-infused meats. In addition to its distinct flavour, lavender has also gained recognition for its potential health benefits. It is often associated with relaxation and stress relief, which makes it an appealing addition to culinary creations aimed at promoting well-being. Lavender's presence in the food industry extends beyond the restaurant kitchen, as it is increasingly incorporated into a wide range of food and beverage products, including lavender-flavoured chocolates, beverages, and artisanal jams. The evolving role of lavender in the culinary world reflects a growing interest in botanical ingredients and a desire to create unique, memorable culinary experiences. As chefs and food producers continue to explore the possibilities offered by lavender, it is likely that its presence in the food industry will continue to expand, providing both traditional and contemporary dishes with a touch of aromatic charm. This culinary journey showcases the enduring appeal of lavender and its ability to transform ordinary dishes into extraordinary culinary delights.
more abstractlavender, importance, trends, culture, technologies, use
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DownloadLAVENDER AND ITS MODERN USE IN FOOD INDUSTRY NOWADAYS pag. 93-99
R. JIGĂU1, F. IMBREA1, R. PAȘCALĂU1 , Laura ȘMULEAC1Lavender, known for its distinct floral aroma, has been used in culinary practices for centuries. Traditionally, lavender was primarily utilized in herbal teas and potpourri. However, in recent years, lavender has gained popularity as an ingredient in the food industry, especially in modern cuisine and the production of various food and beverage products. Here are some of the modern uses of lavender in the food industry nowadays: Flavouring Agent: Lavender is employed as a flavouring agent in a range of food and beverage products. It imparts a delicate floral note and a slightly sweet and herbaceous flavour. Chefs and food manufacturers use lavender to infuse flavour into items such as desserts, baked goods, chocolates, ice creams, cocktails, and even savoury dishes like salads and sauces. Herbal Teas and Infusions: Lavender continues to be a popular ingredient in herbal teas and tisanes. Its soothing properties and pleasant aroma make it a favoured choice for tea blends. Lavender infusions can also be used in other beverages like lemonades and cocktails, adding a unique and refreshing twist. Baking: Lavender can be incorporated into various baked goods, including cookies, cakes, scones, and bread. It pairs well with citrus flavours, vanilla, and chocolate, enhancing the overall taste and adding an enticing fragrance. It's important to note that lavender should be used sparingly to avoid overpowering the dish. Culinary Seasoning: In savoury cooking, lavender is sometimes used as a seasoning, particularly in Mediterranean and Provencal cuisine. It can be added to dishes like roasted meats, stews, marinades, and sauces to impart a subtle floral flavour. However, caution should be exercised to prevent excessive use, as lavender can easily dominate the dish if not balanced properly with other ingredients. Condiments and Jams: Lavender is utilized in the production of condiments and spreads, such as lavender-infused honey, lavender-infused oils, and lavender jams or jellies. These products provide a unique twist to traditional spreads and add a touch of floral sophistication. Artisanal Chocolates and Confections: Chocolatiers and confectioners often incorporate lavender into their creations. Lavender-infused chocolates, truffles, caramels, and nougats have gained popularity for their delicate and sophisticated flavour profiles.
more abstractlavender, industry, alimentation, impact, food
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DownloadCOMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CULTIVATION OF TWO WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE AREA OF CENEI, TIMIȘ COUNTY pag. 100-106
R. C. JURCUȚ1, I. MILOVAN1, A. I. IBRIC1, F. IMBREA1, L. BOTOȘ1Cultivating wheat is an extremely important agricultural activity in Romania, with a significant impact on agricultural production and the country's economy. Notable variations in terms of yield, quality, resistance to unfavorable weather conditions, and adaptability of wheat varieties used in agriculture underscore the importance of choosing the right varieties according to the specific characteristics of the region. In the 2022-2023 agricultural season, characterized by abundant rainfall in September and October 2022, a comparative study is being conducted in the town of Cenei, Timiș County, to evaluate the performance of two wheat varieties in this region with distinct geographic and climatic features. The analyzed varieties are Trublion A, known for its semi-early maturity and resistance to leaf diseases, and Sophie CS, with semi-early maturity, smaller-sized plants, resistance to lodging and winter hardiness. This study focuses on the yield of the obtained crop, the quality of the produced wheat, resistance to stress factors such as drought and pests, as well as the costs and efforts involved in the cultivation process. The results obtained will provide critical information to farmers for making decisions regarding the ideal wheat varieties for cultivation in this region, contributing to the sustainability and efficiency of agriculture. The correct choice of wheat variety can optimize production and bring significant economic benefits in a complex and variable agricultural environment.
more abstractWheat cultivation; Wheat varieties; Performance evaluation; Agriculture in Romania; Agricultural sustainability
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DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF MYCOTIC BIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDS ON THE GERMINATION OF MAIN CROPS IN THE WESTERN REGION OF ROMANIA pag. 107-113
R. C. JURCUȚ1, F. MARIAN1, A. I. IBRIC1, F. IMBREA1, L. BOTOȘ1In the context of the growing interest in sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, research on the use of biological products containing beneficial fungal organisms has become a central topic in contemporary agriculture. A crucial aspect in ensuring the success of healthy and productive agricultural crops is the selection and preparation of seeds for planting. Germination represents a crucial moment in the development of crop plants, and in the spring of 2023, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the germination power of seeds used in western Romania. These seeds came from crops such as sunflower, rapeseed, wheat, barley, and corn. The experiment was conducted outdoors, using metal containers filled with sand, with seeding depths adapted to the specific requirements of each crop. The seeds were sown at their respective depths in five metal containers with treated seeds and five with untreated seeds. The treated seeds were processed with the biopreparation "Mycofriend" for 24 hours, while the untreated seeds were soaked in water. Throughout the experiment, temperatures remained constant, and the moisture input was uniformly applied to each container. The experiment spanned a period of 18 days, collecting data on the number of germinated seeds and the stage of plant development. This study has significant implications for sustainable agriculture, highlighting the impact of the biopreparation "Mycofriend" on seed germination and crop plant development. The results show promise for these practices in increasing yield and sustainability in today's agriculture.
more abstractSustainable Agriculture, Germination, Treated Seeds, Biopreparation, Plant Development.
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DownloadCHALLENGES AND NEW TRENDS IN RURAL MODERN CATTLE FARMS pag. 114-120
D. LEAH1, R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. M. STANCIU1, P. MERGHEȘ1, M. AHMADI-KHOIE1, A. ȘMULEAC1, G. ORGHICI1In the realm of rural modern cattle farming, the challenges and new trends are intricately intertwined with the ongoing advancements in technology. Innovations such as precision agriculture, smart livestock management systems, and data-driven decision-making tools are altering the way cattle farms operate. These technologies not only enhance productivity and resource management but also promote animal welfare through real-time monitoring and health assessment. Changing consumer demands exert a profound influence on the cattle industry. Consumers increasingly seek transparency in the production process, demanding ethically raised and sustainably sourced beef products. This shift has led to a growing interest in grass-fed and organic cattle farming practices, challenging conventional feedlot methods. Environmental concerns are a pressing issue for modern cattle farms. The industry faces scrutiny regarding its environmental footprint, particularly in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and water usage. Cattle farms are adopting strategies such as rotational grazing, waste management solutions, and carbon sequestration initiatives to mitigate their impact on the environment. Economic considerations play a pivotal role in the decision-making processes of cattle farmers. Market dynamics, fluctuating prices, and operational costs can greatly influence the profitability of cattle farming. Farms are exploring diversification, value-added products, and cooperative models to navigate economic uncertainties. In this ever-evolving landscape, the confluence of technological advancements, evolving consumer preferences, environmental responsibilities, and economic pragmatism shapes the trajectory of rural modern cattle farms. Adapting to these challenges and embracing new trends is essential for the sustainability and success of the industry.
more abstractcattle farms, trends, technologies, challenges, modern
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DownloadWEED SPECIES SHIFTS DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF ROW CROPS IN THE NORTHEASTERN CROATIA pag. 121-128
M. LUKAČEVIĆ1, Edita ŠTEFANIĆ2The structure and diversity of world crops’ weed flora are greatly influenced by the pronouncing global climate change, which are reshaping the face of the modern agricultural production. The phytocoenological surveys conducted during the summer period in the years 2004 and 2023 in the northeastern Croatia determined qualitative and quantitative changes in the row crops’ weed communities. Maize, soybean, sunflower, and sugar beet fields were visited each time in June when the weed vegetation was fully developed, and all occurring weed species within the randomly selected 10 m × 10 m quadrats per 30 and 29 fields in the 2004 and 2023, respectively, were evaluated using a seven-degree Braun-Blanquet scale. The weed community from past research was more heterogeneous, compared to a recent survey. In the past period (2004), weeds with the C3 photosynthetic pathway dominated in the community, while the C4 plants were significantly underrepresented. However, the dominance-diversity curve in the recent survey (2023) depicts a similar slope of the curve indicating the growing abundance and species richness of the C4 weeds. This shift in ranges of weed species with the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways confirms that climate conditions exert a significant influence on the spread, population dynamics, and infestation pressure.
more abstractweeds, row crops, climate change, C3 photosynthetic pathway, C4 photosynthetic pathway
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DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF THE DENSITY AND HYBRID USED REGARDING THE BIOMASS AND DRY MATTER YIELD AT SOME GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS AT ARDS BRAILA pag. 129-135
F. MOCANU1,2, C. CIONTU1, Daniela TRIFAN2The purpose of this paper is to highlight the productive capacity of some grain sorghum hybrids in relation to the amount of green biomass and dry matter. In the experiment were tested eight commercial varieties with good yield characteristics in two different densities. These hybrids were cultivated in a field that benefited from the pedological and climatic conditions from Agronomical Research Development Station of Brăila. This area is recognized for its very productive soil but also for the heat that is present very often in the summer season. In addition to grain production that can be used for multiple purposes, the secondary production of sorghum is represented by the number of stalks, leaves and panicles separated from the grain. This amount can be used for animal feed or energy purposes. Sorghum, due to its ability to adapt and develop in areas with poor weather conditions, can represent a good option to supplement and complete some plants used for fodder purposes. Through this article it can be highlighted that for the production of a superior amount of green biomass, it is important to cultivate sorghum hybrids that are taller and with greater leaf mass. In this way, can be cultivated some varieties that have an important production of grains but also a high amount of biomass.
more abstractgrain sorghum, biomass use, dry matter
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DownloadIMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN MODERN AGRICULTURE pag. 136-142
R. PAȘCALĂU 1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, C. TOADER1, A. FEHER1, I. BĂLAN, S. MILANCOVIC2, L.R. STIEGELBAUER2, A. PĂDUREAN3, G. BĂRBULET4Nowadays, the agricultural sector has transcended geographical boundaries, necessitating effective communication and collaboration across borders. This scientific article explores the paramount importance of foreign languages in modern agriculture. It delves into the multifaceted role of linguistic proficiency in facilitating global agricultural advancements, fostering international trade, enhancing cross-cultural understanding, and promoting sustainable farming practices. By elucidating the critical link between language diversity and agricultural innovation, this abstract underscore the indispensable nature of linguistic skills in navigating the complexities of the modern agricultural landscape. In the contemporary agricultural milieu, the integration of foreign languages plays a pivotal role in ensuring seamless communication among farmers, researchers, and stakeholders worldwide. Proficiency in diverse languages enables effective dissemination of cutting-edge agricultural knowledge, sharing best practices, and fostering innovation across international borders. Moreover, fluency in foreign languages enhances the capacity for global market access, empowering farmers to engage in trade, negotiate agreements, and comprehend international regulations and market demands. Embracing linguistic diversity in agriculture not only facilitates the exchange of ideas but also promotes cultural understanding, encouraging collaborative efforts toward sustainable farming techniques and addressing global food security challenges. The ability to communicate in different languages emerges as a cornerstone in modern agriculture, fostering cooperation, driving technological advancements, and enabling a more resilient and interconnected agricultural ecosystem.
more abstractforeign languages, importance, modern agriculture, impact, cooperation
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DownloadIMPACT OF TRANSLATIONS WORKFLOW IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES pag. 143-150
R. PAȘCALĂU1,2The role of translation in disseminating knowledge and facilitating international collaboration in the field of environmental sciences is indispensable. This scientific article explores the impact of translations in environmental sciences, emphasizing how language barriers can affect the exchange of vital information. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a survey of researchers, case studies, and a review of relevant literature. The results demonstrate that effective translation contributes significantly to advancements in environmental science, enabling global cooperation and understanding. The current status of translation in environmental sciences was characterized by several key trends and challenges. There was an increasing awareness within the environmental science community about the importance of translation. Researchers and scientists recognized that language barriers can hinder the global exchange of knowledge and collaboration. Consequently, there was a growing emphasis on the need for effective translation to bridge these gaps. Advancements in machine translation and artificial intelligence were playing a significant role in making translation more accessible and cost-effective. These technologies were being utilized to facilitate the rapid translation of research papers, policy documents, and other materials in the field of environmental science. While technology has improved the efficiency of translation, challenges related to translation quality and cultural sensitivity remained. Machine translation, while useful for basic comprehension, often lacked the nuance and context required for accurate and culturally sensitive translations. Ensuring the accuracy and cultural relevance of translated materials remained a concern. Researchers in environmental sciences were exploring diverse approaches to multilingualism. Some journals and academic platforms were adopting more inclusive practices, such as offering translation services for research papers. Additionally, the use of multilingual abstracts and summaries was becoming more common to provide a glimpse of research findings to non-English-speaking audiences.
more abstracttranslation workflow, impact, environmental sciences, technology
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DownloadEVOLVING APPROACHES IN MODERN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN LIFE SCIENCES UNIVERSITIES pag. 151-160
R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. MILANCOVIC2, G. BĂRBULEȚ3 , O. IVAN HOROBET4, , D.UNGUREANU4 , K. HAUER4,Language teaching methodologies have witnessed a significant transformation in recent years, driven by advancements in technology, evolving pedagogical theories, and a deeper understanding of the complexities of language acquisition. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of modern language teaching, exploring the incorporation of multimodality, the integration of technology, and the cultivation of cultural awareness as integral components of effective language instruction. In today's interconnected world, language proficiency has become an essential skill for professionals in various fields, including life sciences. As universities strive to equip their students with the necessary tools to thrive in the global job market, the approaches to language teaching have also evolved. This article aims to explore the evolving approaches in modern language teaching specifically tailored for life sciences universities. Evolving approaches in modern language teaching in life sciences universities have recognized the importance of integrating language learning with the specific needs and contexts of life sciences professionals. Communicative Language Teaching, Content-Based Language Teaching, Technology-Enhanced Language Learning, Task-Based Language Teaching, and Intercultural Competence Development are some of the key approaches that contribute to effective language learning in this field. By embracing these evolving approaches, life sciences universities can better prepare their students for successful careers in an increasingly interconnected world.
more abstractteaching, foreign languages, education,, students, life sciences, approaches
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DownloadTOPOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO THE OUTLINE OF EXPERIMENTAL FIELDS WITH FORAGE PLANTS INCLUDED IN FIELD ASSOCIATIONS pag. 161-169
M. SIMON1, Loredana COPĂCEAN1, Luminița COJOCARIU1,2, M.N. HORABLAGA1,2, Veronica SĂRĂŢEANU1, C. BOSTAN1,2, Carmen DURĂU1, I. SAMFIRA1The topographic survey (detailed topographic survey) presents the real situation on the ground, measured in national coordinates, in the case of Romania in the Stereographic 1970 system. Practically speaking, we are talking about measurements or a set of works necessary to document the real situation on the ground. Or, even more concisely, the determination of level elevations relative to the level of the Black Sea. Plotting represents the topographical operation through which certain points in a project are materialized in the field by staking out. The purpose of this paper is to present the workflow for the mapping by modern methods of experimental fields with fodder plants included in field combinations. The tracing was performed with GNSS technology, the marking accuracy being ± 2.3 cm. In the case study presented below, a current orthophoto plan of the studied area was made using the eBee AG drone, after which a topographic survey was made using the South Galaxy S7 GNSS equipment. On the basis of the orthophoto plane and the data obtained from the topographic survey, the plan was drawn up for the plotting of the experimental fields, which was carried out with the help of the Leica Viva GS07 GNSS equipment. In this way, precise and reproducible results can be obtained in agricultural experiments, being a more expeditious method than the classical method.
more abstracttopographic survey, plotting, experimental field, GNSS
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DownloadSURVEYING WORKS FOR THE RETECHNOLOGIZATION OF LIVESTOCK FARMS WITH EUROPEAN FUNDS pag. 170-185
A. ȘMULEAC 1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, R. PAȘCALĂU1, G. POPECU1The first known information regarding the existence of this locality is related to the attestation of the church, namely in the tithe record of the Catholic deanery of Timișoara, where it appears under the name of Evsen, and in which it is shown that the priest Nicolae from Evsen paid the sum of 27 banals in 1333. In 1359 the Recaș commune was colonized with Romanian nobles named Stan, Neagu Vlaicu, Nicola and Vlad, who in 1361 were in litigation with the great owner of Izvin Posa Balazs for some lands, which they wanted to occupy. Until the Turkish domination, the great Hungarian owners owned the lands of Izvin: the Zeghary family (1443), Esaky, Bendek and Bennesk, then the Csornay family, the descendants of the Carpathians from Recas. On the maps of the times, until 1937, Izvin appeared under the name of Ósyeny. In 1552, Banat fell under Ottoman rule. In 1552, after the fall of the Timișoara citadel, Pasha Casîm restored the citadel's fortifications, with inhabitants trapped in Romanian villages and taken away by force, among them excused persons. Under Empress Maria Theresa (1770), the population of Izvin was also engaged in breeding. The hills on the northern side of the village are planted with vines; the picking was done only by supreme order, on Saint Michael's day, which corresponds to the day of Pious Paraschiva. The topographic surveys in this thesis were made with Leica equipment, GPS1200 system and the download of data resulting from measurements was made with Leica Geo Office Combined software. The coordinates were obtained in the WGS84 system, which were converted using TransDat 4.0 software into stereographic coordinates in 1970. In order to carry out the situation plan, the stereographic coordinates obtained 1970 were reported in AutoCAD. The farm for which the topographic surveys were made is located in Izvin, Timiș County and has a zootechnical profile. At the time of topographic measurements this farm was in a state of degradation and was not functional and there were no animals or animal feed deposits.
more abstractLeica GPS1200, Leica Geo Office Combined, Land Survey, Ortho-photoplane, GPS, Cadastre
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DownloadWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON THE BEGA RIVER pag. 186-197
Laura ŞMULEAC 1, Hortensia RĂDULESCU 1, A. ŞMULEAC 1, R. PAȘCALĂU1, Alina LAȚO1, M. BAKLI2Efficient management of water resources aims to improve water quality and balance. This desideratum can be achieved by: equipping pollution sources with treatment plants and ensuring their operation, restoring degraded water courses to the economic circuit and their proper exploitation, applying the legislation in force on water quality protection, optimizing the location of polluting objectives in relation to the capacity of rivers to receive wastewater, creating protection zones especially in mountain areas and on upper water courses. Unfortunately, water sources are increasingly subject to pollution and treatment costs are increasing. To this, there was also added the global trend of reducing water resources, a phenomenon exacerbated by the prolonged drought of recent years. Moreover, these resources are subject to wide variations in time and space, making the management of these water resources increasingly difficult to manage. The present paper aims to study the degree of pollution of the Bega River, one of the most important watercourses of Banat, to highlight the sources of pollution that degrade the quality of this river and the consequences of degradation, and based on the resulting conclusions to outline the opportunities that lead to avoiding pollution and maintaining the natural balance characteristic of the aquatic environment. On the Bega River, 2 natural surface water bodies, 1 heavily modified water body and 1 artificial water body were monitored (according to the Banat Water Basin Administration) and the water quality was in good status at all of them.
more abstractwater balance, water quality, water body, volume discharged, volume captured
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DownloadTHE IMPORTANCE OF WATER REGIME IN IRRIGATION SCHEDULING* pag. 198-203
Antonija, STRILIĆ1, Iva KESEDŽIĆ1, D. ĆOSIĆ1, I. KOVAČEK1, Monika,MARKOVIĆ1Soil water regime gives insight into the amount of water stored in the soil and depends on soil properties and water balance. Soil properties important in irrigation scheduling are bulk density, infiltration rate, soil texture and structure and complete water regime in the soil. The change in water content may be positive (rainfall or irrigation) or negative (the amount of water used by plants, evaporation, surface and deep runoff). Water balance is the foundation for irrigation scheduling as well as the drainage of agricultural lands. It gives insights into the maximum soil water capacity (MSWC), field water capacity (FWC), management allowable depletion (MAD), and wilting point (WP). Estimation of soil water content is the groundwork for determining how much water to apply in one irrigation event and when to irrigate. Irrigation is an agricultural practice that enables the maintenance of optimal water content, that is readily available water. The soil water characteristics are fundamental concepts that give insight into the amount of water retained in the soil, that is the easily available water which is the basis for irrigation scheudling. Despite recent requirements of crop production, i.e., agricultural production in general, soil and water conservation practices can contribute to a long-term agricultural sustainability and balance.
more abstractwater, soil, water movement, infiltration, filtration, water availability
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DownloadBREENDING PROGRESS REVIEW ON THE TRIFOLIUM REPENS* pag. 204-211
Ramona Loredana TOPORAN1; M. HORABLAGA1,2; I. SAMFIRA1White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a perennial species, it is part of the Fabaceae family, it grows as a creeping, branched perennial plant. It is widespread in a wide range of climates in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. Sustainable agricultural practices include the use of white clover or legumes to supply nitrogen to the soil in a crop rotation strategy to limit the use of agrochemicals. The species is frequently used as a cover crop, which serves as manure and is also included in mixtures with other forage plants in cattle feed. Several studies have reported the suppressive effects of white clover on weed and disease pressure or unexplained failure of overseeded grasses in clover-dominated pastures. The polyploidy and genetic diversity of white clover have made it difficult to make rapid progress in genetic and genomic studies. Molecular genetic studies have been carried out for the last quarter of a century, and at the initial stage, segregation, and diversity analyses were performed with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and markers by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The first linkage map was constructed with 78 SSR and 57 AFLP markers using an F2 mapping population cross between parental inbred lines. A linkage map suggesting homeologous pairing of linkage groups was subsequently reported, which consisted of 493 SSR loci on 16 homeologous linkage groups of 1144 cM.
more abstractTrifolium repens, breeding of the productive traits, genetics features
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DownloadIMPACT OF SEEDING DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS ON STOLONS FEATURES IN TRIFOLIUM REPENS L. pag. 212-219
Daniela VALUȘESCU 1, 2, Maria SAUER 2, Veronica SĂRĂȚEANU 1*, Otilia COTUNA 1, S. MOISA1, D. D. CAMEN 1*Trifolium repens (white trefoil) is an important perennial leguminous species from permanent and artificial pastures. White trefoil is usually cultivated in mixture with a grass species, respectively Lolium perenne because they are forming together a balanced source of forage from nutritional point of view. The research analyses the variation of the seasonal growth of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne in pure stands and as mixture in the conditions of grazing with sheep and cutting. The research was performed at Research and Development Station for Sheep and Goats Breeding Caransebeș on an albic luvisol, pseudo-gleyic, low acid, moderate provisioned with phosphorus and potassium. The formation, growth and development of Trifolium repens stolons was assessed at every grazing cycle and after every cut. Also, there was assessed the plant height before every cutting or grazing cycle. The experimental factors considered were exploitation mode (cutting, grazing 2 LU/ha and 4 LU / ha) and distance between rows at seeding (12.5 and 25 cm). The assessed features for Trifolium repens were: length of the stolons per plant, number of nodes per stolon and the distance between two nodes per 10 plants from each replicate. Distance between rows hasn’t been influenced by the analysed stolons features. Also, once with the increase of the nodes number decreases the length of an internode, these two features of the stolons being corelated negatively.
more abstractTrifolium repens, stolons, mixture, grazing, cutting
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DownloadENERGETIC POPLARS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT pag. 220-230
L. VORNICU1, A. OKROS1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, R. PAȘCALĂU1 , A, PETCOV1 , Ș. ZOICAN1 , R. JIGĂU1, C. ZOICAN1Energetic poplars, a group of rapidly growing poplar tree species with high energy content, play a pivotal role in the realm of renewable energy production and sustainable land management. These versatile trees have earned their reputation for their exceptional growth rates, often reaching an impressive 8 feet per year. This remarkable growth rate makes them a prime candidate for biomass production, offering a consistent and efficient source of energy in the form of wood chips or pellets. One of the standout features of poplar trees that contributes to their suitability for energy production is their relatively low moisture content. This characteristic not only enhances their energy efficiency but also makes them a preferred fuel source for various applications. Beyond their role in energy production, energetic poplars also deliver noteworthy environmental benefits. They actively participate in carbon dioxide absorption and sequestration, a crucial function in mitigating the impacts of climate change. By absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, these trees contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas levels, which is vital for a sustainable and healthy environment. Furthermore, poplar trees possess extensive root systems that act as natural stabilizers. They play a significant role in preventing soil erosion and enhancing soil quality. This dual capacity, both as a renewable energy resource and as an agent of soil conservation, makes energetic poplars an indispensable asset for sustainable land management practices. In summary, energetic poplars stand as a multifaceted resource in our efforts to combat climate change, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and maintain healthy ecosystems. Their remarkable growth rates, efficient energy content, and environmental contributions make them a crucial component of the renewable energy landscape and sustainable land management practices, ensuring a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.
more abstractenergetic poplars, environment, impact, importance, climate changes
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DownloadTHE IMPORTANCE OF ECOLOGICAL LIVESTOCK FOR THE ENVIRONMENT pag. 231-239
C. ZOICAN1, R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. M. STANCIU1, P. MERGHEȘ1, R. JIGĂU1, Ș. ZOICAN1, D. LEAH1, L. VORNICU1. In an era defined by growing environmental concerns, the agricultural sector is facing increasing pressure to adopt sustainable and ecologically responsible practices. Among the myriad facets of agriculture, livestock farming has emerged as a critical focal point for sustainability efforts. The concept of ecological livestock, also known as eco-friendly or sustainable livestock farming, has gained prominence as a promising solution to mitigate the environmental challenges posed by traditional animal agriculture. The conventional livestock industry has, in many cases, been associated with detrimental environmental impacts, including deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and habitat destruction. In contrast, ecological livestock farming represents a paradigm shift, offering a multifaceted approach that aligns the interests of both agriculture and environmental conservation. This approach aims to harmonize the needs of food production with the preservation and restoration of ecosystems. At the heart of ecological livestock farming lies a commitment to responsible stewardship of the land, the animals, and the environment. It emphasizes a holistic perspective that recognizes the interconnectedness of agriculture with broader ecological systems. This large-scale introduction explores the fundamental importance of ecological livestock for the environment, delving into the key principles and practices that underpin this transformative approach. It provides a comprehensive overview of the manifold benefits, challenges, and potential outcomes associated with the adoption of ecological livestock systems. Key components include the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through innovative livestock management, the promotion of biodiversity and habitat conservation, the sustainable use of pasture and forage resources, and the enhancement of animal welfare. By understanding and advocating for the integration of these principles into livestock farming, we can envision a future where agriculture not only provides nourishment but also coexists harmoniously with the natural world.
more abstractlivestock, ecological, environment, importance, sustainable development
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DownloadCERASUS GERMOPLASMA USE AND ITS IMPORTANCE NOWADAYS, FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 240-248
Ș. ZOICAN1, R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. M. STANCIU1, R. JIGĂU1, C. ZOICAN1,, F. GUYVENCHY1, L. VORNICU1The use of Cerasus germplasma, a vital genetic resource encompassing a variety of sour and sweet cherry species, holds immense contemporary importance in the pursuit of sustainable development. In a world increasingly challenged by climate change, resource scarcity, and a growing global population, the utilization of Cerasus germplasma offers multifaceted benefits that contribute to sustainable agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and the promotion of resilient food systems. Cerasus germplasma is renowned for its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, making it a valuable asset for sustainable agriculture. Its genetic diversity provides opportunities for the development of cherry cultivars with enhanced resistance to pests, diseases, and adverse climatic conditions, reducing the reliance on chemical inputs and fostering ecological balance. Furthermore, Cerasus germplasma has the potential to extend the cherry growing season, increasing crop yields and food security. Conservation of Cerasus germplasma is paramount for preserving biodiversity, as it safeguards genetic resources for future generations. In the face of habitat loss and changing climates, maintaining a robust genetic reservoir of cherry species ensures that unique traits and adaptations are not lost, supporting long-term ecosystem health and resilience. Cerasus germplasma utilization aligns with the principles of sustainable agriculture by reducing waste, promoting local production, and enhancing nutritional value. Cherries are not only rich in vitamins and antioxidants but are also versatile for use in various food products, contributing to diversified diets and reducing pressure on land and water resources. In conclusion, the strategic use of Cerasus germplasma is an essential component of contemporary sustainable development efforts. Its versatility, adaptability, and conservation value make it a valuable resource for addressing the challenges of our time, including climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and the establishment of resilient and sustainable food systems. Encouraging research, conservation, and utilization of Cerasus germplasma is a step toward a more sustainable and prosperous future.
more abstractcerasus germoplasma, use,impact, importance, sustainable development
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