Vol 54, No 2 (2022)
EFFECT OF ORGANIC CARBON ON THE MODIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN THE NORTH-EAST OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO pag. 3-10
V. A. NGINDA 1, ALINA LATO 2 , J.J. KAKUNI MBUYI 3, E. NDAKPALA4The soil represents the large reservoir of carbon biomass of the continental biosphere containing approximately twice the stock of atmospheric carbon; However, knowledge of its stock on agricultural soil is necessary to quantify its agricultural fertility in its relationship to nitrogen. Thus, a few indicators were verified, in particular agricultural practice (incineration and non-incineration), hydrogen potential (pH), total organic matter, total carbon content of surface horizons for slices of 0-10 Cm, 10 -20Cm, 20-30Cm. The following results were obtained :The global average of earthworms in the intertropical zone is 25 individuals per square meter (25U/m² ) while the use of the practice of incineration annihilates this population for the slice of the soil of 0-10 cm depth; The hydrogen potential (pH) shows an overall average of 4.04 which ranks it among the very acidic soils of the region. This acidity is due to the agricultural practice which removes the vegetation cover, and nature of the source rock but also to the excess of precipitation. Total organic matter is found in an average of 17.17 percent in the soils of Haut-Uélé while the total organic carbon rate is on average 9 percent. Following the effects of climatic conditions (rainfall, temperature, etc.) in the Uélé Basin, the organic part of this ferralsols tends to be lost in erosions (internal and external)
more abstractOrganic, Carbon, Fertility
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DownloadA BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS AND HOMOLOGY MODELING OF XYLANASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA pag. 11-22
M. BAKLI 1,2, Noureddine BOURAS 3,4, R. PAŞCALĂU 5, Laura ȘMULEAC 5Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.x) are a widespread group of hydrolytic enzymes involved in xylan depolymerization. Xylan, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, is the major hemicellulosic constituent of the plant cell wall. To date, due to their eco-friendly nature xylanase, individually or in combination with other enzymes, have a widespread uses in various sectors of industries and agri-food processes. Xylanases are mainly produced by several microorganisms including bacteria, micro-fungi, algae, and some yeast. However, bacterial xylanases have been shown to possess an easy downstream process of industrial production with high production rate, and to ensure a more cost-effective process. Despite several reports investigating characterization, production, optimization, and isolation of xylanases from different Pseudomonas species, a study on the xylanase of the P. putida is still lacking. Recently, P. putida has emerged as a promising bacterial host for industry and plant biomass valorization due to its remarkably versatile metabolism, unique capacity to adapt to harsh environmental conditions, and to resist to difficult redox reactions, industrial solvents, and oxidative stresses. The aim of this study was to characterize xylanase from P. putida using bioinformatics analyses and homology modeling method. The secondary structural features of the protein was calculated by both PSIPRED and SOPMA tools which revealed that xylanase protein is composed of α-helix (41.74%), random coils (34.86 %), extended strand (16.60 %), and β-turn (7.80 %). The three-dimensional structure of xylanase protein model was predicted by homology modeling through the Phyre2 server. The structural refinement of this builded model was generated using Modrefiner and validated through the Ramachandran plot as obtained using the PROCHECK tool. Ligand binding site prediction by COFACTOR server was confident with a BS-score > 0.5. Protein-protein interaction networks demonstrated that xylanase had ten potential interacting partners with a high confidence score. The outcome of this in silico analysis could help for detection and characterization of such enzyme allowing its wide production and exploiting in various industrial and agri-food sectors.
more abstractXylanase, Pseudomonas putida, in silico analysis, homology modeling.
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DownloadTHE ICHTHYOCENOSIS WITHIN THE NATURA 2000 SITE ROSCI0032 CHEILE RUDARIEI* pag. 23-30
I. BANATEAN-DUNEA1*, Ana-Maria CORPADE2, Ilinca IMBREA1, Simona MIHAILESCU3, I. CRISTEA4, Mihaela IVAN1, F. CRISTA1, Ș. BĂTRÂNA1, Mihaela Liana FERICEAN1After Romania's accession to the European Union, it assumed responsibility for the implementation of the European legislative stipulations in all fields, including in the field of environmental protection, which means implementation of the Habitats Directive (92/43 EEC) provisions, which refers to the conservation of community interest species and habitats. In this context, specific conservation strategies have been developed according to the biotic and abiotic profile of the Natura 2000 Sites. The profile of the ichthyocenosis within the Natura 2000 Site ROSCI0032 Cheile Rudariei was based on the scientific queries (inventory and monitoring of the community interest ichthyofauna, SR EN 14011:2003), that followed: identification of species, the number of individuals, individuals waist, the biomass, sex and age, as well as physical and chemical parameters of the aquatic environment. The ichthyocenosis within the Natura 2000 Site ROSCI0032 Cheile Rudariei have in their structure the following species: (1138 CN 2000) Barbus meridionalis (community interest species), Salmo trutta fario, (1163 CN 2000) Cottus gobio (community interest species), Phoxinus phoxinus, (4123 CN 2000) Eudontomyzon danfordi (community interest species), Nemachilus barbatulus, Leuciscus cephalus, (1124/6144 CN 2000) Romanogobio albipinnatus (community interest species) and Alburnoides bipunctatus. Barbus meridionalis population is well represented at the site because the aquatic ecosystem has specific habitats for feeding, rest, reproduction and winterin. The habitat area of the species was 2.0-3.0 ha, and the species population size was estimated at 5,000-10,000 individuals (class 6). The population of Eudontomyzon danfordi occupied an area of 0.5-1.0 ha at the site level and the population was estimated at 500-1,000 individuals (class 4). Cottus gobio species is well represented at the site because the species population size was estimated at 1,000-5,000 individuals (class 5) and the habitat area of the species was 1.5-2.0 ha. The community interest species Romanogobio albipinnatus was identified in the neighborhood of the Natura 2000 Site ROSCI0032 Cheile Rudariei. Processing of gross data has highlighted the fact that the ichthyocenosis conservation status at the site level was favorable and has a stable trend. Temporary or permanent hydrotechnical facilities without scientific approval represent the current and future anthropogenic pressure that may influence the conservation status of the community interest ichthyocenosis, but scientific queries have allowed the development of a package of conservation strategies found in the Management Plan of Natura 2000 Site ROSCI0032 Cheile Rudariei, approved by normative act.
more abstractichthyocenosis, fish, Natura 2000 Site, conservation, community, environment
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DownloadCONTROLLING THE ENZYMATIC BROWNING OF ALGERIAN DEGLET NOUR FRUIT * pag. 31-39
W. BENSANIA1,2,3, A. DJERIDANE3, Noureddine BOURAS4,5Enzymatic browning in vegetal organs such as fruits and vegetables can produce undesirable color changes and unfavorably affect the taste, flavor, texture, and also the nutritional value. Dates’ color is known to play a crucial role in determining the quality and value of the fruit. The color changes from the natural accepted golden color to unfavorable dark brown color during storage period.We investigated in this study, the natural anti-browning effects of the extracts, of different parts of Phoenix dactylifera L., on polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzymatic activity of the fruits of date palm, Deglet Nour variety, which are widely consumable by Algerian population due to its respective health benefits.The total phenolic and flavonoid content of hydro-methanolic extracts from pedicel, perianth and leaves of date palm were also evaluated. The results showed the leaves extract is a promising source of phenolic compound with value about 27.72±0,0005 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of dry weight (DW). Furthermore, higher flavonoids content 12.52±0.0355 mg rutin equivalent (RE) per g DW.The anti-browning activity analyzed using a UV-visible spectrophotometer indicated that all extracts showed no effect inhibition on enzymatic activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) from fruits of date palm. This study shows that different parts of date palm, Deglet Nour variety, cannot be used as effective, natural, non-toxic anti-browning agents.
more abstractEnzymatic browning, Deglet Nour, anti-browning agents, phenolic compound, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase
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DownloadMODEL FOR EXTRACTING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION FOR GRASSLANDS. CASE STUDY pag. 40-48
Loredana COPĂCEAN1, Luminiţa COJOCARIU1,*, Adina HORABLAGA1, C. POPESCU1, Valeria CIOLAC1, M. SIMON2Geomatic means and methods are increasingly applied in the agricultural and environmental fields, in the analysis of land use, for the identification and delimitation of grassland areas, in the assessment of biodiversity or in the mapping and estimation of degradation processesIn this context, the aim of this study is to create an operational flow, applicable to geospatial data, which reduces processing time and includes all the tools necessary for the geoprocessing of data acquired through UAV equipment, to provide viable and usable data sets in pratological research. The working methodology was applied on a grassland located in Brebu commune from Caraş-Severin county. The research is based on data acquired with UAV equipment, DJI Phantome 4, respectively aerial images, orthophotoplan and Digital Elevation Model. The photogrammetric flight was performed in October at an altitude of 60 m. The geospatial data sets were processed with ArcGIS 10.4 software in which Model Builder was used to automate the data processing process. The data purchased with UAV equipment are particularly useful in the characterization of grassland surfaces, both by the high degree of detail and by the possibility of flying over the surfaces in different temporal moments. These data provide information on relief, altimetry, data on the slope, useful in characterizing vegetation or identifying environmental factors that may intervene as restrictive elements. By the spectral classification of the orthophotoplan, the useful surface of the grassland can be delimited and by the application of some calculation algorithms, maps of some vegetation indices can be generated. The inclusion of data sets in Model Builder offers the advantage of fast processing, in a single work sequence and is a useful tool in pratological research
more abstractGeographic Information Systems, ModelBuilder, grasslands, aerial imagery, drones.
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DownloadFRESH ROOT VEGETABLES AS MINERALIZING FOODS pag. 49-56
Antoanela COZMA1, Ariana VELCIOV1, Sofia POPESCU1, Ersilia ALEXA1, Sorina POPESCU1, V. MĂRĂZAN 2, B. COZMA1, Maria RADA3Vegetables occupy an important place in the diet of modern man, these being rich sources of phytonutrients: vitamins (C, A, B1, B6, B9, E), minerals, dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Fresh root vegetables are a rich source of minerals, some of which are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. This paper aims to determine the mineral profile of some root vegetables and evaluate their mineral intake in the daily diet. The concentrations of some essential elements were determined: K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and toxic: Pb and Cd, from fresh root vegetables (parsley, carrot and celery) sold in the local market. The results obtained from the analysis of mineral elements show that the fresh root vegetables studied contain significant amounts of unevenly distributed essential elements, depending on the species, the nature of the analyzed element and their origin: 1524 - 3375 mg/kg K, 308 - 352 mg/kg Ca, 181 - 331 mg/kg Mg, 5.75 - 8.27 mg/kg Fe, 1.20 - 2.87 mg/kg Mn, 2.97 - 7.67 mg/kg Zn, 0.70-1.29 mg/kg Cu. Lead and cadmium, heavy metals with pronounced toxicity, have been identified in very small quantities, below the toxicity limits provided by law (0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg for Pb and Cd, respectively). To evaluate the mineral intake, it was found that a consumption of 200 g fresh vegetable covers a large part of the recommended mineral requirement for people aged 19-50 years: 6.48 – 14.36% K, 6.16 - 7.05% Ca, 8.62 – 15.75% Mg, 14.38 – 20.67% Fe, 10.43 – 24.93% Mn, 5.39 - 13.94% Zn and 15.63 – 28.67% Cu – for men and 6.48 – 14.36% K, 6.16 – 7.05% Ca, 16.98 – 20.67 % Mg, 6.39 – 9.19% Fe, 13.33 – 31.85% Mn, 7.42 – 19.17% Zn, 15.63 – 28.67 % Cu – for women. These data confirm that fresh root vegetables can be considered as sources of essential elements and could be considered as additional sources of macro and microelements.
more abstractfresh vegetable root, parsley, carrot, celery, mineral intake, mineralizing foods
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DownloadRESEARCH INTO THE USE OF BIOFERTILIZERS FOR GROWTH AND FRUCTIFICATION IN THE STRAWBERRIES CULTURE pag. 57-62
Snejana DAMIANOV, Ioana GROZEA, L. MOLNARThe strawberry is the species of economic interest and great potential food production that adapts to the wide variety of climatic conditions due to the diversity of varieties created. The strawberry crop was founded in spring of 2013 as a multi-cultural open country classic variety Albion with extra baking semi-early variety with good resistance to white leaf blotch, powdery mildew and gray mold. For each pathogen were used two fungicides. Treatments were two in number of 0.05 ha surface, leaving the control surface, untreated. To combat staining of leaves of strawberry (Mycosphaerella fragariae), were used Score 250 EC products (0.03%) and Ortiva Top (0.1%) to yield better results in the second embodiment. Strawberry powdery mildew has been combated with Topas 100 EC variant 1 (0.025%) and version 2 was used Kumulus DF (0.3%). Results were better in the first embodiment. From the results obtained it is apparent that the production of the best results have been obtained in embodiments where the strawberries were used Switch 62.5 WG products, Ortiva top and Topas 100 EC, the comlexare with stimulators. When preparing the land for the establishment of the crop in 2013, it was fertilized with NPK complex fertilizers using a norm of 700 kg / ha. The surface of the plot being 0.35 ha. The maintenance works were applied according to the technology recommended for this crop. The fruits were harvested at intervals of 2-3 days, staggered as they ripened, when the pulp was still hard, and the fruits were colored over 90% of the surface or in its entirety. The variety used was Albion is a Californian variety, which is suitable for both field cultivation and forced cultivation in greenhouses. The plant has medium vigor, directed port. It is among the most productive varieties of strawberry, obtaining yields exceeding 50 t / ha.
more abstractstrawbery, treatment, pesticides, effectiveness
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DownloadRESEARCH INTO THE USE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON PEACH CULTURES pag. 63-71
Snejana DAMIANOV, L. MOLNAR, Ioana GROZEAInfluence of foliar bio-fertilizers Cropmax and Foliplant on peach seedlings was monitored in a tree nursery experiment located in Lugoj area – Timisoara Didactic and Experimental Base. Peach is a species that responds well to fertilization, being a major consumer of N and K. Fertilizers used in the experiment are based on natural plant extracts, with an auxinic effect of growth, early ripping and productivity. Fertilization with Cropmax and Foliplant was carried out on fields I and II of Lugoj tree nursery – Timisoara Didactic and Experimental Base. First treatment was performed on June 3th, 2016, with a 0.2% concentration of Cropmax product, in phenophase when seedlings were 70 cm high. A 0.2% concentration of Foliplant product was applied on the second treatment on June 17th, 2016, when seedlings were 95 cm high. Measurements made after fertilization show a vegetative growth difference between unfertilized witness and fertilized variants, namely: on field I, growth percentage in thickness of rootstock Franc (common peach) in treated variants was of 12.6%; on field II, average diameter or thickness of seedlings showed increases of 11.4% at Redhaven variety, 10.8% at Flacăra variety and 10.9% at Jerseyland variety, compared to the witness untreated with foliar bio-fertilizers; height of field II seedlings treated with bio-fertilizers increased by 11.3% at Redhaven variety, 10.9% at Flacăra variety and 10.8% at Jerseyland variety, compared to the untreated witness. Following investigations, it was found that seedlings have shown signs of phytotoxicity at foliar bio-fertilizers. Fertilization Cropmax and Foliplant ensured vegetative growth increases, contributing to obtaining good quality fruit tree seedlings. The adaptability of peach varieties from Romania is determined by resistance of fruit buds at the frost during winter. The data show that between the percentage of degenerated fruit buds and fruit production there is a close negative correlation. The biological threshold for blooming buds is 6.5 ° C, and for opening flowers of 10.5 ° C, the optimum thermal for flowering is 13 - 16 ° C. Along with apricot and almond, the peach is a drought-resistant species, which can be grown without irrigation in areas with precipitation over 550-700 mm annually. The peach grows and benefits well in areas with hot summers and mild winters, with average annual temperatures of 10 - 11.5ºC.
more abstractbio-fertilizers, Cropmax, Foliplant, nursery, treatment
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DownloadBENEFICIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEST HEMIPTERS AND OTHER ARTHROPODS IN MIXED PLANT SPACES pag. 72-77
Ioana GROZEA, Ramona STEF, Ana Maria VIRTEIU, A. CARABET, Monica BUTNARIU, L. MOLNAR, A. GROZEAHemipteran insect species are increasingly present in areas occupied by plants either productive (agricultural or horticultural) or from natural ecosystems, feeding intensely on their sap. They have a high degree of adaptability, usually migrating from warmer areas to temperate areas, so in recent years there have been more and more host plants, in as diverse areas and growing populations. Through this paper we intend to make an assessment of hemipteran species from 3 spaces with diversified mixed plants (agro-horticultural) in Arad and Timiș County to see the population level, the preference of the host plant and also the natural enemies present identified as potential pest control agents. The results obtained showed the presence of the following categories of hemipteran: aphids, cicadas, stinky bugs and lace bugs. Their population level varied depending on the area analyzed and the range of host plants also differed depending on the species. The most numerous were the aphids, related to the analyzed surface, of course due to their small size, followed by lace bugs (all active in the colonies) and then bedbugs (which are solitary) and cicadas. As for the identified natural enemies, they belonged to the following categories: predatory spiders, ladybugs and parasitic wasps. The level of interaction of spiders and ladybugs was analyzed in the light of a small-scale laboratory study and that of parasitic wasps by the presence of mummies (parasitic aphids) and it was found that all identified categories can fulfill the role of control agent, within varying limits the predominance of pests in an analyzed space.
more abstracthemipteran, pests, natural enemies, agro-horticultural spaces
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DownloadBIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE CARRIBEAN AREA pag. 78-83
T. HUSWALD1, R. PAȘCALĂU2, Laura ȘMULEAC2, S. M. STANCIU2, F. IMBREA2Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. From the tropics to the poles, all ecosystems seem to be affected. A study published in the journal Nature indicates that 15-37% of animal and plant species may be at risk of extinction due to anthropogenic climate change. Ecosystems provide goods and services that are crucial to people's well-being. This is more true for overseas collectivities, whose populations are predominantly rural and depend largely on natural resources for their livelihoods. The ecosystem services provided to people are of several types, covering several areas of the active society. Island ecosystems are fragile balances and are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic aggression. About 75% of animal species extinctions and 90% of bird species extinctions recorded over the past 400 years have occurred on islands. Island ecosystems have evolved in an isolated and relatively protected way, so they are particularly fragile in the face of changes in the environment, and especially to some species introduced by man, against which they developed no resistance. Historically, the natural ecosystems of overseas communities have been largely degraded following the first colonization to make room for crops or human settlements. For example, several natural forests were almost entirely converted to sugar cane plantations in the 19th century; this culture has also had a strong impact on ecosystems throughout the Caribbean. More recently, the direct destruction of habitats has intensified due to the significant population expansion that characterizes the majority of overseas communities, and the intense development of tourism.
more abstractclimate change, biodiversity, Caribbean, ecosystems
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DownloadSTAGES OF REHABILITATION/MODERNIZATION OF THE SECONDARY INFRASTRUCTURE OF IRRIGATION FACILITIES IALOMIȚA CĂLMĂȚUI TERRACE, IALOMIȚA COUNTY. CASE STUDY: SPP 13 IRRIGATION PLOT BELONGING TO O.U.A.I. MURGEANCA* pag. 84-96
T.E. MAN1, A. SMULEAC2, Laura SMULEAC2, Anisoara IENCIU2, M.V. ILCA1, Loredana COPĂCEAN2,1, A. CIOCLOV3After 1989, irrigation facilities were increasingly less used, entering a process of physical and moral damage. The paper briefly presents the way applications for accessing the rehabilitation/modernization of the main and secondary infrastructure of irrigation facilities are done. The case study is made for an irrigation plot from the patrimony of irrigation water users (O.U.A.I.) using modern mobile watering equipment and equipping pressure pumping stations with new energy performance aggregates, start/stop safety and higher functioning yields. The Ialomița-Călmățui Terrace irrigation facilities in operation between 197and 1983, of which, in the Țăndărei area, the gross area of 7,275 ha and the net area of 7,158 ha is served by pressure pumping stations SPP 13, SPP 14, SPP 22, SPP 21+21bis, of which: 1,354 ha in plot SPP 13, 1,606 ha in plot SPP 14, 1,686 ha in plot SPP 22 and 2,512 ha in plot SPP 21+21bis. For the case study, the modernization of SPP 13, representative of the current stage, belonging to Murgeanca, the initial state, the technical solution for modernization and the current situation after the modernization investment are presented. By rehabilitation/modernization of the irrigation plot, it has also been streamlined through the economy of labour, energy and water.
more abstractIrrigation, Rehabilitation, Modernization, Pumping Station
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DownloadFACTORS AFFECTING THE SEVERITY OF THUNDERSTORMS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH AGRICULTURE pag. 97-104
V. MĂRĂZAN1,2, Codruţa CHIŞ3, Casiana MIHUŢ2, A. OKROS2, Laura ŞMULEAC3, Antoanela COZMA2, V.D. MIRCOV3The severity of a thunderstorm can be judged in many ways. The main area of focus on this study is, however, its dynamical intensity, which can be expressed in terms of the strength and lateral dimensions of the vertical drafts. Related to these criteria are other factors, such as penetration of the updraft above the tropopause level, the strength of the surface winds, and to some extent, the maximum hail size. Surface rainfall, conversely, is not always well correlated with dynamical intensity, nor is lightning frequency. It is as such, quite probably justifiable to think of the dynamical severity in many cases as being related to the degree of steadiness of the dynamical organization. Although it has long been recognized that severe thunderstorms are favoured by strong convective instability, abundant moisture at low levels, strong wind shear usually veering considerably with height, and to some extent, a dynamical lifting mechanism, that can release instability. By analysing the main components, the vertical thermodynamic structure, the wind shear and veer and the amount and type of precipitation, forecasters are able to correctly predict the needed actions in order to mitigate severe weather events and to secure agriculture and agriculture-related industries. This paper discusses the aggravating factors of thunderstorms from a theoretical point of view with regard to agriculture, especially to the situation in the western and north western part of Romania.
more abstractthunderstorms, agriculture, severe weather events, hail, squalls
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DownloadLAND USE CHANGES BETWEEN 1972 AND 2020 IN THE BENI SAF REGION (ALGERIA)* pag. 105-113
S. M. MERIOUA 1, A. SELADJI 2 ,Maamar MEGHRAOUI 2 M. AMARA3,4, M. REGAGBA 2 Noury BENABADJI4The protection of vegetation of any region needs an advanced diagnosis to identify the nature and the causes of degradation. Beni Saf, an Algerian region situated in the North West has been subject to a degradation of its ecosystems.The ecosystem is known for its diversity, biogeography and typical Mediterranean climate. The objective of our work is to identify the natural and anthropogenic processes which modify the structure and the use of the land. Based on GIS analysis, the vegetation’s spatial and temporal change at two points in time (1972 and 2020) were studied. The analyses allowed us to see major changes within 48 years. The comparative study showed an expansion of woods replacing bushes. The surface of the latter changed from 2814 hectares in 1972 to 1530 hectares in 2020. It decreased by about 21%. Besides, there was an extension of cereal culture of 2069 hectares in 1972 to 1959 hectares in 2020 with a decrease of 2%.Indeed, a spatial and temporal development plan of the forest and agricultural territory of the study area will be proposed in order to suggest a development of the territory in the future; In order to reach the harmonious balance of the use of the space which is partly based on the aptitude of the grounds.
more abstractVegetation; Land use; Beni Saf; Anthropic; diachronic; GIS
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DownloadEVALUATION OF RASPBERRY SPUR BLIGHT (DIDYMELLA APPLANATA) EPIDEMIOLOGIC POTENTIAL ON WILD RASPBERRY (RUBUS IDAEUS) POPULATIONS FROM SOUTHWESTERN PART OF ROMANIA. pag. 114-119
Cerasela MOȚ , Adrian BORCEANn raspberry plantations it is well known that the blight of the raspberry stalk produced by the fungus Didymella applanata could bring sometime quite significant losses. It is necessary to consider that the attack results in complete raspberry stem necrosis of the infected plants in one to three years after infection. Once the attack has started, in the absence of a treatment, the stem dries out over a period of time which length varies depending on climatic conditions and the number of wounds on the stem, which occur accidentally or because of a pest attack. This paper is based on the results of assessments conducted between 2018-2021 on several populations of wild raspberries in the mountainous area located between the north of the city of Anina and the Cheile Nerei area. In the present paper we wanted to highlight the fact that the pathogen has natural resources and this practically explains the need for a permanent evaluation of it in raspberry plantations. Observations concerning the dynamics of the pathogen were carried out directly on the locations and point out a climatic dependence of the pathogen. They show that the years in which during the period April-October there were moderate temperatures and sufficient rainfall were those in which most infected plants were recorded.
more abstractRubus idaeus, Didymella applanata
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DownloadCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FUNGUS SEPTORIA FRAGARIAE BEHAVIOR IN POPULATIONS OF THE SPECIES FRAGARIA VESCA AND FRAGARIA MOSCHATA pag. 120-125
Cerasela MOȚ , Adrian BORCEANFragaria vesca and Fragaria moschata are best known as generic popular name of wilde strawberries, although there are obvious anatomical differences between the two species. Starting from the existence of both species in populations quite well fixed in the area of the Anina mountains and the Cheile Nerei area, we made observations on the pathogens presents in those populations in the period between 2018-2021. Thus, we learn that one of the most common pathogens in the area mentioned before was Septoria fragariae. Taking in consideration that this pathogenic fungus is also one of the most damaging pathogens in strawberry plantations, we conducted a study of its incidence in the populations of the two species of wild strawberries. For this evaluation, during the whole time interval, the attack parameters of the pathogen Septoria fragariae were measured, the data being presented compared to the two species, Fragaria vesca and Fragaria moschata in four locations where both species were found. We did this in order not to have differences in climatic conditions and thus to avoid possible differences in the manifestation of the pathogen. As a general assessment, the results indicate some differences in the years more favorable to the manifestation of the pathogen both between species and between the populations of the two species of Fragaria sp.
more abstractFragaria vesca, Fragaria moschata, Septoria fragariae
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DownloadNON- FORMAL EDUCATION IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES FOR AGRICULTURISTS pag. 126-130
R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. M. STANCIU1, F. IMBREA1, A. ȘMULEAC1, M. BAKLI2, M. AMARA2The conception of training still seems to be very marked by the Taylorian model of division of labour between designers of solutions and knowledge and enforcement agents who do not have to ask themselves the fundamental problems but simply to record, apply and adapt. Disciplinary teaching is still massively conceived, either in a pedagogy of masterful-dialogue transmission, as an operation of popularization in the form of contributions of knowledge of an informative type, or, since the introduction of pedagogy by objectives, as a shaping of behaviours. While multidisciplinary education, when confronting the trained with the complexity of reality, tends, in agricultural education at least, to refer massively to non-directive pedagogies. Although agricultural education has been directly linked to a profession since its inception, its activities have gradually spread to other needs of the territory and to audiences other than the children of farmers, and now trains in the sectors of agriculture, the environment and services to people. Agricultural education was built on a dual objective, professionalization and education. Confronted for several decades with an evolution of technological knowledge, production contexts, and the social composition of learners (who are now 85% from non-agricultural backgrounds), agricultural education offers multiple examples of adaptation.
more abstracteducation, languages, non-formal, agriculturists, teaching
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DownloadMEASUREMENTS OF THE DIAMETER OF THE FIG STEM (FICUS CARICA) IN ROMANIA FOR SIX YEARS SHOW THE TRANSITION FROM A SMALL SHRUB TO A TREE-LIKE PLANT* pag. 131-135
I. V. PETRESCU-MAG1, I.BĂNĂȚEAN-DUNEA2The fig tree, Ficus carica L., 1753, is a woody species native to southwest Asia, common in the Mediterranean area. Although it sporadically appeared as a spontaneous plant in southern and southeastern Romania, it hardly survives the cold season. Therefore, in central and northern Romania it appeared mostly as a small shrub. This paper aims to signal the expansion of the species to the north, as a result of climate change in the region (Transylvania). Our studies are based on measuring and tracking the dynamics of stem diameter each winter for six years (2016 - 2021). The experimentally planted fig plants in Cluj - Napoca show an increase in the diameter of the stem in the last four years to a size that will allow them to withstand the frost of winter. Thus, from a creeping shrub (Ficus carica L., 1753), the plant begins to take on the appearance of a tree with erect stems. Measurement data are presented in the paper. Even if global warming is considered by some authors to be a fact, and by others a spontaneous geological trend and only with regional effects, we can say that, at the country level, climate warming is certain in Romania.
more abstractcreeping shrub, erect stems, climate change, mild winters, Ficus carica
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DownloadCONSEQUENCES OF INDUSTRIAL LIVESTOCK ACTIVITY ON THE QUALITY OF WATERCOURSES IN AREAS ADJACENT TO FARMS* pag. 136-141
Hortensia RĂDULESCU1, Laura ŞMULEAC1, Anişoara IENCIU1Ensuring increased amounts of animal origin food has been made possible by passing to the practice of intensive animal husbandry in industrial farms. The maintenance of the hygienic-sanitary conditions corresponding to a very large number of animals in the shelters determined the introduction of the hydraulic manure evacuation system. Thus, the mixture of feces, urine, fodder residues and bedding material is discharged from the shelters with the help of washing water, becoming wastewater. The wastewater management, for volumes on average 6-8 times higher than the actual amount of manure, raises particular issues regarding the maintenance of water quality in the adjacent watercourses. The pollutant potential of wastewater is due to both its composition and its volume. The paper presents the consequences of the wastewater discharge into the adjacent watercourses. The research aims at the dynamics of the nitric water level in the watercourses located in the area adjacent to the location of some industrial animal farms or are connected to them by large drainage channels. The influence of industrial animal husbandry activity in Timiş County on the quality of surface water was achieved on the Bârzava, Timiş and Bega Veche watercourses, as a result of the discharge of livestock wastewater, whose pollutant potential increases proportional to the number of farm animals. In relation to the territorial location of the animal breeding farms, the control sections were chosen, one upstream and one downstream of the pig breeding farms. Thus, the chosen control sections were: for the river Bârzava-Gătaia and Partoş, for Timiş -Lugoj, Şag, Grăniceri and for Bega-Veche -Pişchia and Cenei. The assessment of water quality is monitored in terms of nitrate and nitrite content, depending on the quality category required for the watercourse in the respective control section (GD 1146/2002). Nitric loading of surface water was assessed by comparing the nitrate and nitrite content, its monthly dynamics being pursued for two consecutive years in the monitored control sections. The usefulness of the paper consists in preventing the depreciation of the watercourses quality, watercourses located near the industrial farms of animal breeding which, as a result of wastewater discharge, can reach from severely depreciated to irreversibly polluted. The importance of the obtained results lies in knowing how to take some measures of wastewater recovery which, depending on their volume, composition and appropriate ground watering norm, can be used at the same time for fertilization and irrigation of soil.
more abstractindustrial livestock activity, livestock wastewater, adjacent watercourses, nitrate- nitrite content, nitric depreciation
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DownloadANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF A NEW STRAIN OF STREPTOMYCES ISOLATED FROM AN ALGERIAN SOIL AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC AND MYCOTOXIGENIC ASPERGILLUS CARBONARIUS AND A. NIGER pag. 142-149
S. BELGHIT1, B. BADJI2, A. MELKLAT2, M. BAKLI3, A. ZITOUNI2, M. D. HOLTZ4, Laura ȘMULEAC5, Noureddine BOURAS1,2A new strain of Streptomyces was isolated from an Algerian soil and was tested for its antifungal activities against two species of Aspergillus: A. carbonarius and A. niger. Based on its morphological properties this isolate was identified as Streptomyces sp. It showed a good to moderate activity against target strains of two Aspergillus species by using the streak method. The fermentation of this strain in Bennett culture medium exhibited a strong activity against A. carbonarius and least activity against A. niger since the first day of incubation, and then decreased gradually until it becomes zero in the fifth day. No activity was obtained with ISP2 medium despite of the biomass abundance registered. The extraction of the antifungal activities was carried out by using of four organic solvents with different polarities: n-hexan, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. However, the efficiency of the strain was tested by dish paper diffusion method and was appeared only with ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents, with a slight advantage to ethyl acetate extract. The diameter of inhibition obtained with ethyl acetate extract against A. carbonarius was 33 mm. The ethyl acetate extract allowed us to detect two superposed active spots with frontal ratio of 0.72 and 0.80 mm. The method used was a combination between Thin Layer Chromatography and Bioautography.
more abstractStreptomyces, Aspergillus carbonarius, A. niger, antifungal activity, phytopathogenic fungi, mycotoxigenic fungi
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DownloadMANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMATIC REGISTRATION IN ZĂVOI COMMUNE, CARAȘ – SEVERIN COUNTY pag. 150-157
A. ŞMULEAC1, Ioana Mihaela PONORAN1, Laura Iosefina ȘMULEAC1The registration of land in the unique cadastre system in Romania started in 2015 within the National Cadastre and Land Book Program. The registration is made at the level of a territorial administrative unit or at the level of one or more cadastral sectors. The way of working and the stages of systematic records are regulated by well-established laws and procedures. Knowing them by all landowners is an important step for the proper conduct of the process because by applying them may occur changes in the situation of real estate. During this work, a systematic recording of the lands in Zăvoi commune, Caraș-Severin county was performed. The study case was done for sector no. 80 which includes an area with a surface of 112329 sqm, and the total number of lands is 85. For this purpose, topographic measurements were performed using specific topography tools, namely: Pegasus Backpack equipment, Wingtra ONE drone scanning and TS06 total station. The coordinates of the control points were determined with the help of the GPS satellite positioning system providing a fast control of the static measurements. Following the measurements, the geometries of the lands were made, which will be an integral part of the cadastral plans. In order to correctly identify the owners and the land books, all the information provided by the competent institutions was used, as well as those collected directly from the lands owners. All this information led to the creation of cgxml files using software specialized in systematic recording, namely: Mapsys GIS application and CG 3.5 application, softwares that offer control over both geometry topologies and information that will be an integral part of the new land books. The purpose of this paper is to show how to organize and manage a systematic recording project by applying new technologies, both in terms of measurements and in terms of software used in accordance with the old records in land plans and books.
more abstractsystematic recording, topographic measurements, Mapsys, cgxml files, cadastral plans
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DownloadTOPO-CADASTRAL WORKS FOR THE ESTABLISHEMENT OF A ZOOTECHNICAL FARM USING AFIR FUNDS* pag. 158-169
A. SMULEAC1, C. NICORICI1, R. PAŞCALĂU1, Laura SMULEAC1Topo-cadastral works are necessary in the planning and execution of almost any form of construction. In this paper suck works are going to be used in order to establish a zoo technical farm in the West of Romania, Turnu village, Arad County. By far not many zoo technical farms exist in the area. These works are going to be done using maps and topographic plans, as well as GPS and AUTOCAD designs. The article encompasses a multifaceted topographic survey for the identification and registration of a zoo-technical farm type immobile comprising the farm head office, stables, silos and concrete slabs for registration in the land book. The farm where the topographic works are executed is a farm specializing in the breeding and fattening of cows for the production of milk. The building will also be equipped with renewable energy installations/solar panels (new funds requested) and the verdant walkway is easily accessible by workers and visitors. This project is funded through accessing European funds via AFIR. Succeeding topographic-cadastral works are used in many fields but they have many difficulties caused during the process of production and the issues regarding reform of maps which were being used. The total amount available for investments under Measures 4.1 is 760 million euros, according to AFIR [https://www.afir.info/] for the October 2021 – January 2022 session.
more abstracttopo-cadastral measurements, zootechnical farm, land, European Funds
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DownloadTHE QUALITY OF THE EDAPHIC RESOURCES FROM THE HĂLMAGIU-GURAHONƫ-ALMAŞ DEPRESSION pag. 170-180
Ţărău D., Dicu D., Rogobete Gh., Bertici R, Herbei M., Nita L., Iliuƫã A , Buzatu CThe work aims the accumulation of knowledge on the characteristics of the natural environment, as elements that define the structure of the edaphic cover and of the ecological factors specific to the soil, as well as to highlight a series of limiting factors that act on the production capacity of agricultural or forestry lands, development of sustainable soil and land resource management systems. As a basic component of the terrestrial ecology, the edaphic coating is one of the most important elements of the environment, being in a close interdependence with the vegetal coating. The issue addressed concerns an area of 89802 ha (37451 ha, 41.70% are agricultural land and 48610 ha, 54.13% forests), located in The Hãlmagiu and Gurahonnƫ-Almaş depressions, crossed by the Crisul Alb river. Considering these facts, in the paper are presented some aspects regarding the physical-geographical and pedo-climatic characteristics based on the existing pedological information in the OSPA Timiş and Arad archive, but also based on the research carried out in time by the authors (within OSPA, USAMVBT and UPT), some aspects regarding the pedoclimatic characteristics as elements that define the fertility and the quality of the soils. The paper provides basic information and methodological elements on the classification and assessment of soil resources, thus integrating into the wider field of complex studies of natural resources and their capitalization with the protection of the environment. The physical-geographical conditions of soil formation and evolution are briefly but comprehensively mentioned, mentioning the way in which the zonal particularities of the considered space, of only 89802 ha, as an area determine a great diversity of ecological conditions, generated by the variability of factors -atmospheric and telluric-edaphic), and more broadly the composition of the edaphic cover, some restrictive characteristics of the quality and suitability of the lands for certain agricultural or forestry uses, with specific requirements and improvement measures.
more abstractquality, edaphic, forestry, productivity, land
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DownloadINFLUENCE OF INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS ON QUALITY AND LEVEL OF PRODUCTION pag. 181-186
Ramona Loredana TOPORAN1; Marinel HORABLAGA1; Ionel SAMFIRA1;The species Lolium perenne has a global distribution becoming a dominant species in temperate grassland ecosystems and covers a wide range of environmental conditions (length of day, humidity, altitude, soil type and chemistry, etc.). Understanding the patterns and magnitude of the genetic diversity of this allogamous forage species is a first step toward identifying several ecological traits. Intra-population genetic diversity can promote the temporal stability of grassland production, and also large-scale genetic variation can be closely linked to the regional productivity of perennial ryegrass-dominated grasslands. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that varieties of Lolium perenne appeared with good agronomic performance, and the growth of this forage species being concentrated mainly on yield and persistence since the 1970s. Although total dry matter production remains a key objective in increasing the productive yield of fodder ryegrass, increased emphasis is placed on seasonal dry matter production, seed quality and density. One of the most important productive traits is leaf length as an important feature of forage grasses, and the development of the molecular marker is an opportunity to identify quantitative trait sites (QTLs) and to begin dissecting the genetic regulation of complex traits. Reproduction for long leaves or for a high rate of leaf elongation should contribute to an improvement in the intercepted radiation accumulated during regrowth and would be a way to improve the spring dry matter yield, but the seed yield has not improved. Selection pressures on seed production criteria applied to the breeding process should improve seed yields without a negative impact on feed performance. Perennial ryegrass seed yield is low and lacks selection criteria for high seed production, and indirect selection in spaced plants would be effective, but distant plant traits that correlate with seed yield in drilled plots need to be identified. The continued success of pasture farming depends on supporting programs to grow fodder species that are able to produce improved varieties that meet market needs by manipulating the recombination of the genome of these fodder plants.
more abstractLolium perenne, genetic diversity, seed production,
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DownloadIMPORTANCE OF SUGARCANE FARMING AND INDUSTRY ON THE ISLAND OF MAURITIUS pag. 187-193
Ivana VARGA, Daniel HAMAN, Bhoyroo VISHWAKALYAN, Krunoslav ZMAIĆ, Sunita FACKNATH, Shane HARDOWAR, Vlatka ROZMAN, Dario ILJKIĆSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a perennial plant native to the tropic areas. Generally, the largest areas of sugarcane are located in the Americas (Brazil, Mexico, Columbia, USA, Cuba) and Asia (India, China, Thailand, and Pakistan). Sugarcane is one of the most important crops on the Island of Mauritius and represents 85% of the arable land and 45% of the total land area of the island. Although Mauritius is one of the large sugar producers, its production has fallen in the recent 20 years. In 2000 the area with sugarcane was around 73 000 ha and decreased to around 45 000 ha. An economically viable technology has to be developed for the complete package of sugarcane main product (sucrose) and waste. In Mauritius bagasse as waste from sugarcane is used to produce electricity. But these power stations work only for around 6 months during sugarcane harvest season. It could be optimised by burning other biofuels like wood and be operational over the whole year. After burning bagasse, the problem with the disposal of ash that is generated. Also, there is alcohol produced from the waste known as molasses, but the problem is with the utilization of the final waste which is vinasse. It can be encouraged to use these wastes and maybe this approach can have a positive influence on increasing areas with sugarcane in Mauritius.
more abstractSugarcane, sugar, farming, industry, Mauritius.
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