Rjas

Vol 42, No 4 (2010)

CHEMICAL CONTROL STRATEGIES OF RUBUS CAESIUS L. IN GRAIN MAIZE pag. 3-7

Carmen Babuţ, Dan Manea

The goal of this paper is to determine the efficacy of the control of Rubus caesius L., popularly called European dewberry, a weed of maize crops, using a diversified range of post-emergent herbicides. Research was carried out in the year 2009, at Sacoşul-Mic (Timiş County), where we set a mono-factorial trial in the field, after the randomised block method with four replications, each harvestable variant measuring 105 m2. The maize hybrid used in the trial was DKC-5143, a semi-late hybrid developed by Monsanto and homologated in the year 2005, recommended to be cultivated particularly in the Romanian Western Plain and in Southern and South-Eastern Romania. We identified 11 species of weed in maize crops – 262 plants/m2 – of which European dewberry represent 24.2 plants/m2 or 8.58% of the total weeds. Compared to the number of weeds in the control variant, after applying the herbicide the number of weeds diminished with 141.5 weeds/m² in the variant treated with Cambio (2.5 l/ha), up to 274.3 weeds/m² in the variant treated with Dialen Super 464 SL (0.9 l/ha). As for exclusive weed control of the species Rubus caesius L., the best results were in the variants treated with Dialen Super 464 SL (0.9 l/ha), with a control percentage of 85.97%. The largest maize yields were in the variants treated with Dialen Super 464 SL (0.9 l/ha), Callisto 480 SC (2.5 l/ha) and Banvel 480 S (0.6 l/ha), with yields of 68.24 q/ha, 66.45 q/ha, and 62.78 q/ha respectively, with very significant positive differences compared to the average of the field. In all experimental variants, 30 days after herbicide application, and particularly 60 days after application, we could note the tendency of European dewberry shoots to not regenerate, but they no longer represent a serious competition for maize plants. There were no visible effects of phyto-toxicity in the maize hybrid cultivated as a result of the herbicide substances used.

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herbicide; Rubus caesius L.; weed control; maize

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE IMPACT OF SOWING PERIOD ON WHITE LUPIN (LUPINUS ALBUS L.) CULTIVATED FOR GRAINS IN THE WESTERN ROMANIA HILL AREA pag. 8-10

Leontina Băbuţiu, Gheorghe David

Research concerned three genotypes of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) from three countries: the Romanian white lupin cultivar Medi, the Serbian source De Voivodina, and the Turkish source De Turcia. Determination of genotypes sowing period mentioned, has great importance as biological materials have been created in the different climatic conditions in the area who have done research and that the area that is supposed to be grown. Sowing periods studied, they noted that lupins have a minimum temperature of germination of 3-4 °C and determining the amount of losses due to late sowing, until the third decade of May. The type of soil on which was carried the research was a brown podzolite, with a low acid reaction (pH 5.90 in Ap, poorly supplied with humus, phosphorus, and potassium, with a base saturation degree of V% = 78% and with medium fine texture in the first 49 cm. The Medi white lupin cultivar was noted among the white lupin cultivars, whose average yield over the three periods of sowing was 2,640 kg/ha. The De Voivodina source had a close yield, the difference compared to the Medi white lupin cultivar lacking significance. The lowest yield was in the De Turcia source, i.e. only 1,840 kg/ha. Among sowing periods, we noticed, with practically equal yields, the variants sowed between March 20 and 25 and between April 10 and 15. Crops in the field amplitude within the range investigated were 1950 kg / ha in variant sown at the end of May last decade, the origin is Turkey and 2840 kg / ha in planted variant of March last decade the variety Medi. This magnitude of about 1000 kg / ha in variants with extreme values highlights the practical importance of links taken year study that the optimum genotype cultivated and sown in habitat conditions that have made inquiries.

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genotypes of white lupin; sowing periods

Presentation: oral

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ON THE IMPACT OF ROW DISTANCE AND OF SOWING DENSITY IN WHITE LUPIN (LUPINUS ALBUS L.) pag. 11-13

Leontina Băbuţiu, Gheorghe David

The beginning of the history of lupin cultivation in the old world is often associated with the times of the ancient Egyptian civilization. It is, however, more likely that originally white lupin was introduced into cultivation in ancient Grece where its greatest biodiversity was concentrated and wild-growing forms have been preserved until nowadays (ssp. graecus). Research carried out in the Gurahonţ area, on a brown podzolit soil, using as genotype the white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Medi cultivar, pointed out the possibility of producing over 2,900 kg/ha. Seeding technology, optimizing the distance between rows that the number of grains grown white lupins germinabile grains/m2, has a special importance because for the two elements occurs branching plants reach maturity, uniformity of grain, reduce the losses at harvest by shaking. Depending on the distance between rows and the amount of plants per unit area differs maintenance and technology culture that thus being able to fight more effectively with weeds and reduce production costs. In the area investigated had a magnitude yields between 2100 kg / ha in variant sown at 25 cm distance between rows 30 germinabile grains /m2 and 2940 kg grain / ha in variant sown at 75 cm distance between rows 50 germinabile grains/m2. Increasing row distance from 25 to 50 cm increased the yield with 18%, which corresponds to a difference of 520 kg / ha provided statistically as very significant. The highest yields were in the variant sowed at a row distance of 75 cm, i.e. 23% higher than the control. Among the tested sowing densities, the optimal one proved to be 50 germinating grains/m2 yielding 9% more than the control variant, whose sowing distance was 30 germinating grains/m2, that a difference of 230 kg/ ha provided as distinct statistically significant. Lower requirements from the soil make possible its cultivation with very good results in hill areas with acid soils.

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white lupin; sowing technology

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH ON THE GEODETIC NETWORKING THICKENING BY GPS MEASUREMENTS IN LUGOJ TOWN pag. 14-16

Octavius Nicolae Coltan, Valeria Ciolac

The work was focused on the thickening of geodetic network in Lugoj town. The absolute rectangular coordinates for 40 points were determined, using the „fast static” method. Thickening GPS determined points, can be used in topographical measurements, which will be made in Lugoj town. The paper work was focused on the thickening of geodetic network in Lugoj using GPS technology. Using the GPS device has the advantage of not requiring angular and distance measurements, eliminating the drawbacks of using total stations, is worth mentioning that by developing the method stop / go kinematic is possible to determine accurate coordinates provided by comparison with the total stations and a convenient time. To determine the coordinates of those 40 points studied was used “rapid static” method, with six equipments Leica 1200 with dual frequency L1/L2. As fixed points were used: Sura, Watched Hill, New Salbagelul and Ohaba Valley, points that served as support for determining coordinates of the new points. For all the terminals were made two sessions of measurements with four fixed reference points: Throne Hill, Ohaba Valley, New Salbagelul and Sura, and two rovers points on new points. To obtain more accurate results and to ensure stability and confidence in solutions, specialized software was used in GPS data processing, namely Leica Geo Office software that allows data processing and clearing network simultaneously. After processing, the data were obtained absolute rectangular coordinates (x, y, z) of those forty points in Stereographic Projection System 1970, and for rate was taken the Black Sea as a benchmark. The work performed provides accuracies required by the technical rules in force. Thickening points located by GPS, can be used in the topographic surveys to be performed in future in Lugoj. During the campaign of GPS measurements to achieve Lugoj support network, have once again confirmed the performance of GPS technology and advantages that it has over traditional surveying methods.

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fast static; GPS measurements; absolute rectangular coordinates; geodetic network

Presentation: oral

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PERFORMANCES IN THE DRAWING HIGHWAYS BY RTK pag. 17-21

Octavius Nicolae Coltan, Valeria Ciolac

The survey has been carried out on the trail axis projected on a strip of 50 m on both sides of the shaft with enlargements in the topographic artwork and of intersections, so that the project can develop. The survey has been developed in 70 STEREO system, based on support points whose coordinates were obtained from the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising Arad. On the entire route designed, for a length of about 12 km, five A type terminals and six type B terminals were located. Terminals were located in protected areas, easily accessible by car, being located outside the areas of private property For determining, three references of three fixed points were used, measuring the three vectors for each point. They used six dual frequency GPS receivers, three fixed references, and three mobile rovers. For determining transformation parameters from 84 WGS in 1970 Stereographic in the work area, STATIC GPS, GPS measurements were made using the STATIC method, and using the support points of first order national geodetic network. To obtain more accurate results and to ensure stability and confidence in solutions, specialized software was used in GPS data processing, namely Leica Geo Office. The RTK topographic surveys were accomplished by using 5 Leica GPS 1200 receivers – I reference station and rovers. For every RTK session, after assembling the reference station on a type A landmark, a type B landmark was occupied by a rover receiver in order to compare the new obtained RTK coordinates of the landmark with the previous coordinates, determined STATICALLY. The difference between the coordinates were maximum of 2 cm per after maximum 10 seconds of occupancy.

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RTK survey; static measurement; reference station

Presentation: oral

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THE DYNAMICS OF PHENOPHASES OF SOME FOREIGN LOLIUM PERENNE VARIETIES IN THE TIMISOARA’S PEDO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS pag. 22-25

Mihaela Corcheş, Alexandru Moisuc

Knowing the main phonological characteristics of some perennial forage grasses varieties from the international assortment in the specific climatic conditions from the West of Romania, represent the main purpose of this paper. In this respect, in order to determinate the degree of precocity three foreign varieties of Lolium perenne, namely EMINENT, CALIBRA and LEIA., were studied and observed in stationary conditions of Timisoara. There were observed the dynamics of the main vegetation phenophases from beginning of vegetation until the harvest. The phenophases evolution, after BBCH code, it was noted in the first harvest cycle, in part for each studied variety, during 2008. The BBCH studied stages are the following: 0 = seed, 09 = emergence, 11 = was noted the date on which the first deployed leaf was visible, 29 = end of shoots, 36 = stem elongation, 59 = end formation of inflorescences, all inflorescences are made, 65 = full flowering, 50% of the anthers are mature. To express precocity was determined the precocity index (IP). For accurately determination of optimal timing of harvest for a variety, operating in different ways, have been established for grazing precocity index (IPp) in the height of apex to 10 cm from the ground and for hay precocity index (IPf) in the formation of flowering phenophase. Also, it was observed the duration of phenophase in relation to the amount accumulated degrees of temperature and amount of precipitation. After the data analysis, it was observed that Calibra variety is the earliest, followed by Leia variety and Eminent variety. Thus, with IPp 43b and IPf 51b, Calibra variety has reached the first maturity of harvest, compared with the other two varieties. Calibra variety was the earliest and related to specific climatic conditions of temperature and precipitation from the experimental area. Thus, we see that the Calibra variety accumulated the lower amount of temperatures to reach the optimal time of harvest, both for grazing (459.7 0C) and for hay (6310C), compared with the Leia variety (487.2 0C until the start of grazing and 710.4 0C until the start of harvest by mowing for hay) and Eminent variety (519.3 0C until the start of grazing and 729.2 0C until the start of harvest by mowing for hay). Considering the range of precocity of all three studied varieties, result that the first harvest cycle can space out from one variety to another in an interval of seven days, making easy for farmer to achieve the green conveyer.

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Lolium perenne; foreign varieties; precocity; phenology

Presentation: oral

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PRELIMINARY RESEARCH CONCERNING THE EFFECS OF INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS ON SOME SOIL PARAMETERS IN TRUCK FARMING pag. 26-31

Viorica Coteanu, Ioan Pălăgeşiu, Isidora Radulov

Pesticides constitute the group of chemical products with most synthesis chemical substances. They are meant to prevent or to control the development of any plant or animal organism considered unwanted in any type of biocoenosis. Treating plants and soil with insecticides is the main source of contamination of the environment with these substances and soil is the main reservoir of residues due to the holding capacity of its organic and mineral components and to the ability or turning these compounds into other derivatives as a result of metabolic processes induced by both the micro- and macro-fauna in the soil. In this context, in this paper the authors aimed at presenting results concerning the effect of insecticide application on some soil parameters. While research in the field worldwide are being carried out, at national level they are rather scarce or they simply lack. Our research was carried out in 2010 at the Didactic Station of the Banat University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine in Timişoara, using as host-plant onion; the trial was a mono-factorial and on randomised blocks. In order to establish the physical and chemical composition of the soil before and after treatment we analysed soil samples from the surface horizon. Results show the degree of impact of insecticides on some soil parameters. These results are within admitted limits from the point of view of environmental pollution. Knowing the effects of insecticide application is essential for soil, plant, anima, and human protection. Research is original and they contribute to the study of environmental pollution and protection.

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insecticides; soil; soil pollution; truck farming

Presentation: oral

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CONTROLLING THE PERENNIAL SPECIES CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS L., A PROBLEM-WEED IN WINTER WHEAT pag. 32-37

Claudia Culhavi, Dan Nicolae Manea

Research presented in this paper aimed at establishing the most efficient modern ways of chemical control of the problem-species Convolvulus arvensis L. in winter wheat, with direct effects on yield results. Research was carried out during the agricultural year 2008-2009 on the experimental field of the Plant Protection Department of the Didactic Station in Timişoara, on a cambic chernozem, where we tested 11 post-emergent herbicides. The winter wheat cultivar we used in our trial was Lovrin 50, developed at the S.C.A. Lovrin. In the control variant, we inventoried 77.00 weeds/m2 (belonging to 11 distinct species), of which Convolvulus arvensis L. represented 13.83 plants/m2 with a share of 17.80%. The most efficient decrease of the number of field bindweed shoots was ensured by the herbicide Buctril Universal, with a control rate of 95.87%. There was also weed control above 90% in the variants treated with Aril Super, Banvel 480 S, and Dialen Super 464 SL. As a result of the studies and research carried out, we could see that the herbicide Tomigan 250 EC had no visible effect in controlling field bindweed, which makes us not recommend it for the control of fields weeded by this plant. In all treated variants, 30 days after application and particularly 60 days after application, the plants of Convolvulus arvensis L. tended to regenerate by sprouting new shoots that could not be a real challenge for the almost mature wheat plants. The highest wheat yields obtained in 2009 were in the variants treated with Aril Super (1 l/ha), Banvel 480 S (1 l/ha), and Dialen Super 464 SL (0.9 l/ha), with yields of 53.01 q/ha, 52.43 q/ha and 51.08 q/ha, respectively, with very significant positive differences compared to the average of the field. All the tested herbicides were very selective for the winter wheat cultivar we cultivated (Lovrin 50), with no visible symptoms of phyto-toxicity.

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winter wheat; weed control; Convolvulus arvensis L.; herbicides; yields

Presentation: oral

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DYNAMIC OF SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A CAMBIUM CHERNOZEUM FROM VINGA PLAIN IN CONSERVATIVE AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE OF SOIL pag. 38-43

Daniel Dicu, Iacob Borza, Dorin Ţărău

The research made is falling on the line to develop an sustainable agricultural system, responding to local requirements for establishing a scientific database necessary for the development of technology and measures of agroecosystems integrated management. The passing to no-till cultivation system radically changes the content of technological elements, that simplifies the technology by the suppression of soil work, so the impact on the agricultural ecosystem is different from that of conventional technology, first decreases the pressure on agricultural ecosystem and on the other apear new interactions, new disrupt the new balance or imbalances. The research made in the world concerning no-till technology get some information about the implications of this system of agricultural cultivation on the environment, showed that the impact varies from one area to another, depending on climatic and soil conditions encountered, agricultural management. The researches regarding the evolution of the agro-ecosystems quality and productivity from the Vinga High Plain in the no-till crop system tries to highlight the quality and quantity changes emerged in the agricultural ecosystem. There are presented some aspects regarding the physical-geographical characterization necessary for the experimental field localization are presented. Here are briefly introduced the geology and lithology of surface materials, clime conditions, land drainage etc., as defining elements for edaphic resources’ main characteristics. Also, regarding the soil conditions have been determined the defining characteristics for the ecosystems productivity, granulated structure and humus content. In close relation with the first two aspects have been established the water content and the cationic change capacity.. In order to determine the complex relation that take place between different soil characteristics and agro-ecosystems components, the researches were conducted both on field and laboratory.

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propertie; plain; conservative; conventional; tillage

Presentation: oral

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GROWTH AND MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION OF FOUR GRASSES IN A MN-AMENDED LOW QUALITY SANDY SOIL pag. 44-50

Mónika Domonkos, Brigitta Schmidt, Balázs Libisch, Márta Polgári, Borbála Biró

Colonisation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) was studied in a pot experiment with four grasses (Bromus inermis, Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis) in low quality, calcareous, slightly humic (1.5 %) sandy soil. A regular organic treatment, the propylene glycol (PG) was used to enhance the microbial activity of the soil, diluted in water at 12.500 mg/L ratio. Soil was amended with Mn sludge (500 mg/kg) from Úrkút, Hungary before the sowing. Plants were grown 8 weeks and sampled several times during the growing season. Dry matter production, element uptake and AMF colonization and total catabolic enzyme activity of microbial biomass, as fluorescent-diacetate analysis (FDA) were studied. Available element content of potassium (K2O) and phosphorous (P2O5) or the Fe and Mn microelements was assessed by ICP analysis from the propylene-glicol (PG)- and/or the Mn-mud-treated soil samples. Great differences were found among the grasses and mycorrhiza colonization. Total catabolic enzymatic activity (FDA) and colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) responded positively to the organic treatment of fast-degradable propylene-glycol. A reduced biomass production was recorded at those hosts at both treatments during the plant growth. The fresh (and dry) shoot biomass production was decreasing with the plant age as a function also with the applied treatments. Especially high AMF colonization intensity (M%) and arbuscular richness (A%) could be found at the Poa pratensis. Organic PG amendment enhanced the mycorrhiza intensity and function at all grasses, as well as the total catabolic enzyme activities (FDA) of microbes. Both PG and Mn-treatments had increased the availability of potassium in soil on a same extent, but no changes appeared in soil P content was found. We consider that variability in interaction and plant-microbe respond can provide an appropriate tool for the plant-selection in PG- and Mn-affected soils.

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Mn-Fe availability; propylene glycol; sandy soil; grasses; mycorrhiza; toxicity

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING PERIOD AND ROW DISTANCE ON THE NUMBER OF SPIKES AND THE NUMBER OF PLANTS ON A SQUARE METER OF AUTUMN WHEAT IN WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 51-56

Marcela Dragoş, Paul Pîrşan

The results of this study are part of a PhD program, having as theme: " Research on sowing technology ofwinter wheat in Western Romania ", funded by the European Social Fund, the Pilot Program PhD Research Scholars Support Contract from the POS DRU / 6 / 1.5 / S / 21 USAMVB Timisoara, under the leadership of the distinguished university professor Paul Pîrsan. The paper presents the results obtained in the last two years of experience, about the influence of sowing period and row distance on the number of spikes and the number of plants on a square meter, specifically at the Teaching Resort of University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Banat Timisoara, located in the Plain Banato-Crisan, Plain subunit Berecsău Bega-Timis interfluve. Researches were conducted on a chernozem soil, low gleyed, formed on decarbonated loesoide deposits. The goal of the research is to establish seeding technology under current climate conditions, based on the frequent situations in which, for various reasons we can’t saw in the optimal sowing period. Wheat is a grass, originally from the Fertile Crescent region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. The material investigated is the variety Alex (Lovrin 50), variety created by S.C.D.A Lovrin and approved in 1994. Variety Alex is the representative variety for the western part of the country and has the largest expansion in the mentioned area. Among the biometric measurements performed through direct measurements in the field, the number of plants per square meter and number of spikes have an quantitative influence on the production. Number of plants per square meter ranged between 168, obtained in the first year, and 280, obtained also in the first year. The number of spikes on a square meter ranged between 420, obtained in the first year, and 809, obtained in the second year.

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wheat; sowing period; row distance

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING PERIOD AND SOWING DENSITY ON THE PROTEIN, GLUTEN AND STARCH CONTENT OF AUTUMN WHEAT IN WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 57-62

Marcela Dragoş, Paul Pîrşan

The results of this study are part of a PhD program, having as theme: " Research on sowing technology ofwinter wheat in Western Romania ", funded by the European Social Fund, the Pilot Program PhD Research Scholars Support Contract from the POS DRU / 6 / 1.5 / S / 21 USAMVB Timisoara, under the leadership of the distinguished university professor Paul Pîrsan. The paper presents the results obtained in the last two years of experience, about the content of gluten, protein and starch of winter wheat cultivated in Western Romania, specifically at the Teaching Resort of University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Banat Timisoara, located in the Plain Banato-Crisan, Plain subunit Berecsău Bega-Timis interfluve. Researches were conducted on a chernozem soil, low gleyed, formed on decarbonated loesoide deposits. The goal of the research is to establish an adequate seeding technology under current climate conditions, based on frequent situations in which, for various reasons we can’t saw in the optimal sowing period. Wheat is a grass, originally from the Fertile Crescent region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. The material investigated is the variety Alex (Lovrin 50), variety created by S.C.D.A Lovrin and approved in 1994. Variety Alex is the representative variety for the western part of the country and has the largest expansion in the mentioned area. Among the quality analysis performed in the University laboratory, the content of gluten, protein and starch of winter wheat have an important influence on the wheat quality. Gluten content ranged between 22,65%, obtained in the first year, and 32,66%, obtained in both years. Protein content ranged between 13,36%, obtained in the first year, and 15,19%, obtained in the second year. Starch content ranged between 51,90%, obtained in the second year, and 53,51%, obtained in the second year.

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wheat; sowing period; sowing density

Presentation: oral

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METCALFA PRUINOSA SAY (INSECTA: HOMOPTERA: FLATIDAE) –FIRST OCCURRENCE IN WESTERN PART OF ROMANIA pag. 63-67

Alina Gogan, Ioana Grozea, Ana Maria Vîrteiu

This summer (2010), rather in July, 9 a new invasive species (Metcalfa pruinosa Say) was detected in western part of country. The first point of appearance was Timisoara from Timis County. Known as citrus flatid plant hopper the species was found on many plants belonging to several botanical families. Until now, insect has been observed only in built-up areas, especially in sheltered green areas of buildings or in parks. Of our observations we found this new flatide in following plant species: Acer platanoides L., Juglans regia L., Juniperus sp., Thuja occidentalis L., Buxus sempervirensL., Albizia julibrissin Durazz, Potentila (Dasiphora) fruticosa L., Cycas revoluta Thunb., Vitis vinifera L., Atriplex hortensis L., Sambucus nigra L., Melissa officinalis L., Ligustrum vulgare L., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis l., Ligustrum vulgar L., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Buxus sempervirens L., Rosa sp. L., Juniperus sp. L.,Thuja occidentalis L. and Hybiscus rosa – sinensis. Being native to North America, Metcalfa pruinosa Say can be said to have been accidentally introduced in Europe. Beginning to 1979, the species had a rapid evolution of propagation, so that today it is detected in 16 European Countries. After a short period of observation (from July until October) we considered that this first mass occurrence is due primarily to adults that spread through the flight from neighboring countries (Serbia and Hungary), Timis County is situated to border between Romania and those countries. The most of individuals observed were adults and larvae. Our studies reveals two types of damage, first is very important direct activity of larvae characterized by sting and sucking of plant and in the other hand the indirect way of damage through filamentous secretion of larvae that causes discomfort in plant development. The presence of these filamentous and of course of sweet secretions (honey dew) characteristic for insects from Homoptera causes negatively effects by unsightly aspects. Possible extension to other areas requires the studies of this species by the many aspects

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Metcalfa pruinosa; insect; invasive species; first occurrence; western part of country

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON MOISTURE AND WEIGHT FEATURES IN MAIZE SEEDS pag. 68-71

Daniel Gros, Bucur Vukasin, Florin Imbrea

Grain moisture at harvest time and weight features of seeds are more or less impacted, depending on agro-technical, climate, etc. factors. Likewise, in agricultural practice, high values of these indicators show that, as far as germination is concerned, seeds have well-developed germs resulting into vigorous plants and into higher wheat yields from a technological point of view. In this study, the authors monitored the effect of different low-frequency wave lengths on moisture, relative volume of 1,000 grains, and hectolitric volume in the maize hybrid PR36V74, developed by Pioneer, and grouped in the maturity class FAO 450. The working method used in the experiment is specific to laboratory determinations, while in the treatment of the seeds we used the generator of electromagnetic radiations of the Faculty of Agriculture of Novi Sad thanks to Professor Branko Marinkovic. We should mention that we used in the treatment of the seeds only frequencies known to stimulate plant growth and measuring between 0 and 100 Hz. Research was carried out in the laboratory of „Agricultural produce quality analysis” of the Department of Agricultural technologies of the Faculty of Agriculture. Results show that electromagnetic radiations produce, depending on their wave length, a positive stimulation on the three monitored indicators compared to the control variant (not stimulated electromagnetically). The results of the present study are part of a research project PN II IDEI Contract nr. 1076/2009, topic code ID_864, financed by the Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport, through the National Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education. The topic of the project is „ A study on the influence of the treatment with low-frequency electro-magnetic waves on yield, and quality in the maize”.

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electromagnetic waves; MMB; MH

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING MAIZE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC TO THE PERMANENT VEGETAL COVER SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN PLAIN (ROMANIA) pag. 72-75

Daniel Gros, Bucur Vukasin, Paul Pîrşan

Organic farming is the form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and control pests on a farm. Organic farming excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured fertilizers and pesticides, plant growth regulators such as hormones, livestock antibiotics, food additives, and genetically modified organisms. Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved. In 2010, we organised a bi-factorial trial at the Didactic Station in Timisoara in which we monitored maize yield with permanent vegetal cover technology compared to classical cultivation technology with mineral and organic fertilisation. Results show that there are no statistically ensured yield differences. There were significant differences between expenses and profit levels. Rezults show that in the Banat 's conditions, alternative technological variants are a solution from the point of new of enviromental – friendly agriculture. The technology of cultivation with permanent vegetal cover can be a solution for the cultivation of maize in Western Romania. The results of the present study are part of a research project PN II IDEI Contract nr. 1093/2009, topic code ID_863, financed by the Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport, through the National Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education. The topic of the project is „ Research, fundamenting and elaborating of the technological variant of ecologically planted corn and sunflower”.

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agricultural systems; permanent vegetal cover; organic fertilisation; mineral fertilisation; maize

Presentation: oral

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THE INFLUENCE OF TOTAL DOSES, TIME AND SPLITING OF NITROGEN ON THE GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT OF TWO ROW SPRING BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L., CONV. DISTICHUM ALEF.) pag. 76-81

Adela Jurjescu, Paul Pîrşan

Two-year field experiments (2008-2010) were conducted at the Didactic and Experimental Station in Timişoara. Research objects were the influence of total doses, time and spliting of nitrogen on the protein content of Annabell two row spring barley variety. The various treatments were laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the climatic conditions of Timişoara. We monitored four nitrogen doses, three splits applications (% from total nitrogen doses) and two times of nitrogen application in growth stage. The experimental crop was top dressed with the following amounts of nitrogen: 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1, then at growth stage these dosages were divided (30%, 50%, 70%), and the application have been made in one-stage: two leafs and three-stages: two leafs; boot stage; soothing stage. The control variant was not top dressed. Two row spring barley has to fulfill several quality demands to be fully accepted and paid by the malting industry. The variety has to be selected by the industry, the vitality of the lot has to be high, the husk has to be uninjured and the grain protein content has to be at the proper level and as even as possible. The average data obtained after two years of study indicate an increasing in protein content with increase in split doses of nitrogen and time of (N) applications. In 2008/2009 year crop, the lowest protein content was obtained in the variants fertilized with low doses of (N) in one-stage application while in three-stages application, the increase in protein content was on average by 11,3% (N0) to 13.2% (N100). In the 2009/2010 year crop we can see that, depending on the split nitrogen doses and timing of (N) applications, we could record an amplitude of the variation between 11.1% (N0) to 13.2 % ( N100).

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spring barley; nitrogen timming; grain protein content; split applications

Presentation: oral

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THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME VARIETIES OF PEA, SOYBEAN AND LENTILS CONCERNING THE RELATIONSHIP BACTERIYATION-SOWING PERIOD ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY IN TIMIŞ PLAIN pag. 82-87

Jurjescu Adela, Simona Niţă, Gheorghe David, Paul Pîrşan, Simion Alda

The experiment was carried out within the Didactic Station of USAMVB Timisoara on a cambic chernozem slightly gleyied, slightly hyposalic and moderately hyposalty under 100 cm, slightly decarbonized on loess moderate fine deposits medium clay loam / medium clay loam. According to its composition, the soil falls within the class texture "fine textured”, subclass medium clay loam, undifferentiated in profile. In the first part of the profile the soil reaction is neutral (pH 7.03-7.18) and in the second half the reaction is slightly alkaline (pH 8.25-8.49).The experiences for pea and soybean crops were three factorial in both areas, where factor A - was represented by the cultivated variety, (for pea - Dorsa, Montana and Monique; for soy - Felix, Neoplata and Venera), factor B - (nonbacterized and bacterize ) and factor C - sowing time with two graduations. For the lentils culture the experiments were three factorial, where factor A – was represented by the distance between rows, with the graduations: A1-6.25 cm; A2 -12,5 cm, A3 -25 cm and 12.5 cm, factor B - sowing period with the graduations: b1 – 3- 4 0C and b2 7-8 0C and factor C - sowing density with, C1-100 g.g / m2, C2-200 g.g. / m2, C3-300 g.g. /m2 C4-400 m2 g.g. / m2. From the tested varieties of pea, Monique noted. For this variety, on average to the other experimental factors the obtained yield was above 1,700 kg /ha. The results obtained in the soybean crop from Timiş Plain highlighted the varieties Neoplata and Venera, with superior yields that Felix variety by 24% with a yield difference of 500 kg / ha. Neoplata variety has a yield score of 2361 kg / ha, higher than control by 11%. For lentils culture in Timis Plain the optimal density was about 200 g.g / m2.

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bacterization; sowing period; variety

Presentation: oral

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QUANTIFYING SOME PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS IN REACHING YIELDING POTENTIAL IN SIX PIONEER MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER THE IMAPCT OF SOWING DENSITY IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF THE ARADULUI PLAIN (SEMLAC, ARAD COUNTY) pag. 88-95

Sorin Luca, Valeriu Tabără

Of world production of corn about 6 to 10% is used in various industries. Thus maize is processed wet, dry and fermentative. By all these methods, from corn to obtain some basic products that are used to obtain more than 3500 products with uses in a man but also in animal nutrition. Variability of chemical composition of maize grain is given by the combined actions of the following factors: soil, climate, agricultural technique, local conditions of nutrition, conditioning and storage. The present study proposes to examine the production quality hybrid maize seeds from 6 to determine optimum sowing density. Experience was located on a typical mold soil in the territory Plain Arad, Şemlac. In terms of physical characteristics, soil that was placed experience, providing favorable conditions for growing the plant Zea mays. Bifactorial experience is that factor analysis, factor I is the biological material certified corn hybrids, Pioneer brand: Pr37M34, Pr36R10, Pr37N01, Florencia, Pr35F38, Pr35T06 - hybrids of groups FAO 450-500, and factor II is given sowing densities: 40,000 plants / ha, 55,000 plants / ha, 70,000 plants / ha. The main physico indicators of the 6 grains of corn hybrids were determined in laboratory discipline Plant Growing: "Testing of the seed and plant material”.The Correlations were established between the physical evidence and density studied hybrids of maize plants. As the sowing density of three variants applied hybrids take the study as influencing indices of maize, but differently. Results of this study are part of a doctoral program, with the theme: "Research on the influence of sowing density on production and its quality from 6 corn hybrids, climatic conditions of Plain Arad" scholarship program funded by the European Social din Pilot Program Fund to support research doctoral scholars, under contract POSDRU/6/1.5/2 USAMVB Timisoara, under the distinguished University Professor Dr. Valeriu Tabară.

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corn hybrids; Plant density; Weight

Presentation: oral

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EVOLUTION OF A DIFFERENT CROP PLANTS GROWN UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE BANAT PLAIN pag. 96-101

Andreea Bianca Lupu, Florin Catalin Ionescu, Iacob Borza

The purpose of paper is to establish the extent to which climatic conditions have influenced both humidity water soil and yield obtained during a period of 3 years (2008/2010). The experimental work was made in the experimental fields of USAMVB Timisoara Didactical Station which belongs to the great physical and geographical unit of the Banat Plain, the main form of relief in the region. Soil characterization was made based on a soil profile opened at the experimental place unde the field represents on a flat, slightly wavy, with groundwater at a depth of 1.5-2.0 m. Processing the climate data supplied by C.M.R. Banat – Crișana, it could be observed that the highest amount of rainfall was resgistered in agricultural year 2009/2010, when the deviation was higher than multiannual average with +268,2 mm and the lowest amount of rainfall was resgistered in agricultural year 2008/2009, when the deviation was situated under the multiannual average with -150,6 mm. In the final the production of cultivated plants is the result of the interaction of all the factors involved in one way or another to the final harvest. Among the environmental factors, climatic regime, was found to have a strong influence on the regime of ground water and ultimately on the level of agricultural output. The results of yields presented in this paper were achieved processing field data from maize, sorghum and oat cultivated in the experimental field of the Ecology and Environmental Protection department. The highest yield achieved from all cultivated plants was in the agricultural year 2009/2010 when rainfall regime was favorable and there were not semnalated any periods of drought, while the lowest yield achieved from all cultivated plants was in the agricultural year 2008/2009 on a lowest humidity deficit.

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climatic conditions; soil; yield

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THE PHENOMENON OF DROUGHT AND IT'S EFFECTS WITHIN ROMANIA pag. 102-109

Andreea Bianca Lupu, Florin Catalin Ionescu, Iacob Borza

The changes in Earth’s global climate show a trend of increasing average air temperature and causing drastic changes in hydrologic cycle as a result of the progressive greenhouse effect. As a result the vegetation period is expected to become shorter and even more irregular distribution of precipitation will occur, both from year to year and during the vegetation period. Essentially, the periods of semi-drought conditions are going to become more frequent. Whateve the reasons for drought appearance, the fact remains that it causes serious problems. Drought itself as aperiodic phenomenon does not result in permanent or irreversible changes of the environment. Even in prolonged drought periods, flora and fauna gradually creep back (if left alone), when the conditions improve. It is in combination with other factors, especially human activities, that drought leads to permanent changes. Drought can affect all aspects of our lives and economies. It reduces not only the primary production of crops, good quality grass and fodder that is essential to maintain animal production, but also jeopardizes the constant supply of good quality water. Drought also leads to degradation of the environment - one of the most dangerous and harmful effects of drought is exerted on the natural resources (water, soil, air), habitats and ecosystems, besides it has impact on public health, on employment/unemployment, etc. All these losses have considerable financial consequences for the economies of all the countries affected. Its impacts on society result from the interplay between a natural event (less precipitation than expected resulting from natural climatic variability) and the demand people place on water supply. Drought should not be viewed as merely a physical phenomenon or a natural event and thus drought is the first stage in a process, if this process is left unattended, it may lead to an irreversible chain of reactions.

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climate change; drought; desertification; soil erosion

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STAGE CONCEARNING THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING TECHNOLOGY ON THE CICER ARIETINUM L. YIELD pag. 110-112

Sebastian Moldovan, Gheorghe David

Small Chickpea seeds have been found in archaeological sites dating back to 7500 BC suggesting that people at this time were harvesting them in the wild or growing undomesticated plants. The earliest evidence of domestication is larger seeds found in Jericho dating back to 6500 BC. Importance of chick beans, both green, but mostly reached maturity, the high content of protein substances. Chickpea flour is used in baking, stirring rate of 10-15%, with wheat flour, which are used in bread, which thereby becomes even more nutritious and tasty. Chickpeas, with a very high resistance to drought, give good yields of grain in dry areas with good resistance to water stress and heat, so aridizare climate trends in this area requires special attention to this plant acordom. The chickpea is a leguminous plant, which improves the soil, leaving biologically fixed nitrogen in the soil, very accessible for the rotation plants, especially for cereal grains. Because it is a leguminous plant, improves the soil, leaving biologically fixed nitrogen in the soil, plants that are very affordable for the rotation, especially for cereal grains. It thus prevents environmental pollution by nitrates and hydrocarbons consumption for manufacturing fertilizers. Research in this area have been conducted within the perimeter of the Teaching Station of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat, Timisoara, located in the Plain Banato-Crisan, Plain subunit Berecsău Bega-Timiş interfluve. In the experimental field of the Teaching Station of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat, experiments were conducted on a chernozem soil type, low gleyed, low decarbonated, formed on loess powder, clay-clay. Increasing the distance between rows from 30 cm to 50 cm, the average yield increased by 14% for all varieties. The biggest harvest was obtained in variant sown at 50 cm distance between rows and between varieties noted a variety Cicero, followed by variety Burnas. The lowest yields were recorded in variety Rodin.

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chickpea; the distance between rows

Presentation: oral

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FERTILIZATION EFFECT CONCEARNING THE YIELD AND QUALITY INDICATORS FOR LENS CULINARIS L. pag. 113-115

Sebastian Moldovan, Gheorghe David

Lentil is a leguminous plant that has been grown in the Mediterranean region since ancient times. Seeds are reported to have been found in Egyptian tombs of the 12th dynasty (2400 B.C.). As a major importance, lentils grains represent a source of energy and nutrients heaving in their composition many compounds bio-benefical for human body. Lentils grains have a high quality protein content and healthy carbohydrates (starch). Lentils also contain a lot of ballast material (fiber), which helps digestion. Lentil flour can be used in combination (10-20%) with wheat flour in bread-making. Used as a green mass, lentils are a very valuable animal feed, is also a very valuable plant for soil ameliorative, being a good run for almost all plants, but in different way for winter wheat. Straw and chaff after threshing are deriving a valuable forage with a protein content (14-15%), carbohydrates (35%), the remainder being made up of carbohydrates, fiber, fat, etc. Researchs were focused on three varieties of lentil, from two countries: Romanian varieties Oana, USAMVBT population and Laura variety, Spanish origin. In the experimental field of Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine the experiments were conducted on a cambic chernozem soil type , wet phreatic (weak gleyed soil) low decarbonated, on the loess deposits- powder, loam – clay. From the varieties of lentils, Oana noted, with the average yield on the three levels of fertilization about 2030 kg/ha. With a similar yield came the variety Laura (Spanish origin), the difference between varieties being meaningless. The lowest yield was recorded in variety USAMVBT population, just 1168 kg/ ha. From the fertilizing levels were noted, with practically equal yields, the following: N20P60K60 and N40P60K60.

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lentils varietis; fertilization levels

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE REMANENT CHARACTER OF SOME INSECTICIDES IN LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA) ROOTS CULTIVATED IN PROTECTED AREAS pag. 116-121

Ximena Claudia Muntean, Ioan Pălăgeşiu

Insecticides used in pest control to obtain higher and more stable yields are one of the sources of chemical pollution of the environment with bad impact on all biological systems. In this context, in this paper we show the remanent character of the insecticides imidacloprid and dimethoate in the roots of the tested plant – lettuce (Lactuca sativa) – cultivated in protected areas. The experimental field was set according to the randomised block method with three replications both in the solarium and in the glasshouse, between 2009 and 2010. Sampling was done 24 hours and 7 days, respectively, after using the insecticides. We suggested and applied the high-performance liquid chromatography method to detect insecticides UV-VIS. As a result of processing chromatographic information, we could draw the conclusion that the remanence of imidacloprid 24 hours after application in the lettuce roots cultivated in the solarium and in the glasshouse was 3.40411 ppm (parts per million or mg/kg) and 9.02731 ppm, respectively. The remanence of the imidacloprid 7 days after application in the tested lettuce roots, according to the chromatogrammes was 1.23337 ppm in the lettuce roots cultivated in the solarium and 6.30109 ppm in the lettuce roots cultivated in the glasshouse. Twenty-four hours after application, dimetoat was identified in the lettuce roots cultivated in the glasshouse in concentration of 3.32746 ppm, while it could not be detected in the lettuce roots cultivated in the solarium. The absence of the dimethoate in the lettuce roots was also identified 7 days after application in the roots of the lettuce cultivated in both the glasshouse and the solarium.

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remanence; imidacloprid; dimetoat; roots; lettuce

Presentation: oral

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CHEMICAL CONTROL WITH HERBICIDES AT SPECIES AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA IN TIMISOARA pag. 122-129

Carmina Ana Nedelcu, Karl Fritz Lauer, Ramona Ştef

Ambrosia artemsiifolia L., grass plant that is multiplied by seeds, invasive, planted annually, of late germination, which can reach heights up to 2 m, varies depending on the soil characteristics. It is spoted as present in Romania since 1908-1910. It is an invasive plant included in the Official List of Quarantine Weed. Their presense causes great losses in crop production. At Potatoes 30%, at beet 70% and at sunflowers we observe the fact that at a high level of infestation between 23.6 to 62.4 plants/m² determine losses included between 650-1680 Kg. Thework presents the method of chemical control of this species. Experiences based on the chemical control of the species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were made entirely on land belonging to Teaching and Experimental Station of Timisoara, operating legally under the patronage of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat. The experience field was done after the randomized blocks method, with four variants in three repetiotions. The treatments were applied in 3 feno phases of corn growth as follows: 13 – 14 BBCH, 15 – 16 BBCH and 18 – 20 BBCH, feno phases that cover well the periods of growth and development of corn plants. To combat Ambrosii following herbicides were used: Meister - conţeins 300 g/kg foramsulfuron + 10 g/kg iodosulfuron – methyl-sodium + 300 g/kg iodosulfuron-diethyl (safener); Laudis – conteins embotrione 44 g/l + isoxadifen-etil (safener) 22 g/l; Gardobuc – conteins 333 gl/l terbuthylazin +150 g/l Bromoxinil Heptonoat 214,7 g/l; Buctril Universal – conteins bromoxinil 280 g/l + acid 2,4-D (ester) 280 g/l. The four tested herbicides on corn crops have had a different efficiency in controlling Ambrosia artemisiifolia L; the Gardbouc and Buctril Universal herbicides being similar in efficiency and also superior to Laudis and Meister herbicides.

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common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia,invasive; Romania; chemical control; loss of production

Presentation: oral

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FAMILY LAMIACEAE: MAIN VALORISABLE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC SPECIES IN THE ANINEI MOUNTAINS (CARAS-SEVERIN COUNTY, ROMANIA) pag. 129-132

Monica Prodan, Carmen Elena Dăneţ, Ilinca Imbrea

The Anina Mountains are situated along the western prolongation of the Semenic Mountains between the Barzava Valley at the north and the Nera Valley at the south, the Bozovici Hills, the Poneasca Valley and the superior course of the Barzava at the east, the Oravita Hills and the Lupac depression at the west. Objectives taken into account refer to the identification of medicinal and aromatic herbs and quantitative assessment of the main medicinal species identified in the area. Species identification was done using Flora României vol I-XIII (1952-1976), Flora României - Ciocârlan V. (2009) şi a Florei Europaea. Species identification was done using Flora României; the species are named after Ciocârlan (2000) and Flora Europaea (electronic edition). For the quantitative assessment we used the methodology of economic mapping of medicinal plants in the spontaneous flora indicated by Alexan et al. (1983), and Bojor (1991). This work has benefited from a grant awarded by the Romanian Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport, through the National Council for Scientific Research in Higher Education (PN II IDEI no. 1077/2009, project code ID-865). Title: „Identifying medicinal and aromatic plants in the Aninei Mountains with a view to valorisation”. Project Manager: Assoc. Prof. PhD Imbrea Ilinca.

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medicinal and aromatic plants; spontanous flora; quantitative assessment; Aninei Mountain; Family Lamiaceae

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES REGARDING THE ALTERNARIA BRASSICAE pag. 133-137

Emil Radu, Stelica Cristea, Cristinel Relu Zală

The Alternaria brassicae fungus manifests on every plant organ and in every stage of development of the plant. The abiotic factors have an important role during the fungus’s development and pathogenicity. The study must be done in order to establish its needs regarding certain abiotic factors such as: temperature, humidity, athmospheric pression and light. The study is necessary in order to get to know the moment when the firts infections appear. By knowing these elements, a prognosys can be made, and also a warning for the recommended treatment, in order to stop the disease. The Alternaria brassicae fungus is passed on from one year to another, through the seed which comes from sick plants. In terms of laboratory conditions, on crop environment potato-glucose agar, phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicae was isolated on potato-glucose agar on oilseed tunip. The sick biological material, which was formed from leaves, and stems, which had specific disease symptoms, was put in a wet room, where, after 3 days, the mycelium formation was observed. On CGA environment, the Alternaria brassicae fungus formed light-grey colonies, with silky aspect, and dark-grey on the back. The optimum temperature which is necessary in order for the conidions to develop is between 28°C and 36°C degrees. The maximum value of temperature can be considered to be at 42°C. The formed colonies have a weak aspect, and fructifications weren’t even formed anymore. The conidions’s germination is possible at 4°C, 16 hours being necessary. The optimum temperature can be considered the de 28-32°C temperature interval, when 79-83% of conidions germinated. The maximum temperature was discovered to be 40°C and letal temperature was identified as being 42°C, when conidions did not germinate, not even when the Petri recipient was further set to an optimum temperature of 32°C. The Alternaria brassicae fungus’ colonies developed extremely well in the presence of light. As the relative atmospheric humidity value grows higher, the colonies’ development is very good, and the vegetative mass is extremely dense, think, of grey colour. Temperature, relative atmospheric humidity and light are important factors in the Alternaria brassicae fungus evolution. dense, think, of grey colour.

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fungus; biology; conidions

Presentation: oral

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INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING SEEDS PRODUCTION TO SOME COTTON SPECIES (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM SP.) UNDER AGROFIELD INFLUENCE IN THE WEATHER CONDITIONS FROM TIMISOARA IN THE YEAR 2008 pag. 138-145

Liliana Roşculeţ, Valeriu Tabără

In that paper was investigated agrofield influence on seeds weight to three species of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum sp.): Marismas and Coko species from Greece and Canada species from North America, in the year 2008 of investigation. It was made analysis to the following characters: rude cotton weight/plant/parcel/agrofield, strings weight/plant/parcel/agrofield, seeds weight/ plant/parcel/agrofield. The experimentation made to Experimental and Didactical Station of Timisoara, the experimental field being placed on a cambic chernozem soil. Bifactorial experience was placed in the field after subdivided parcels methods. The experimental factors established were: Factor A- agrofield (a1-N0P0K0, a2- N30P30K30, a4- N90P60K60, a5- N120P60K60, a6- N30P30K30 plus foliar fertilization); factor B- species (b1- Marismas-Greece, b2- Canada American provenance, b3- Coko- Greece). Analysis of vegetation conditions for the cotton was made during the period May- October; active vegetation period between 1st May and the first hoarfrost of autumn (the cotton needed 170-180 days from germinal seeds, to the first hoarfrost falling. In the cotton cropping the terrain uniformity and the best density insurance had a great importance specific to every species. The hidric stress was very good supported by the cotton, even when that one was accentuated. The best results to all the three species of cotton investigated were obtained on agrofield a4- N90P60K60; thus the average(x) of seeds weight/plant/parcel had the following values: to Marismas species 30,84g, to Canada species 25,21 g, and to Coko species 21,83g. In agrofield A6 where besides base fertilization 30 kg/ha active substance was applied also foliar fertilization, the seeds weight on plant was inferior both one realized in unfertilized conditions, and the one fertilized at germinal part preparation with equilibrated azoth doses, phosphorus and potassium (N30P30K30). The three species of cotton presented a good adaptability to weather conditions of Timisoara, in the year 2008.

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cotton; seed production; agrofild

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AGROFIELD INFLUENCE ON SEEDS WEIGHT TO SOME SPECIES OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM SP.) IN WEATHER CONDITIONS FROM TIMISOARA IN THE YEAR 2008 pag. 146-151

Liliana Roşculeţ, Valeriu Tabără

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cotton; agrofild influence; seeds weight

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ON THE IMPACT OF SOIL TYPE AND OF TECHNOLOGICAL WORKS ON MAIZE YIELD AT COLUMIROM S.R.L. pag. 152-155

Laurenţiu Sarcină, Lucian Botoş

Maize is the most surprising system of nature accumulating energy. A seed weighing around 1/3 of a gram sprouts and produces in about 9 weeks a plant 2-3 m tall, producing, in the following 8 weeks, 600-1,000 grains. The explanation of this process is firstly, that maize is an extraordinary laboratory turning solar energy into organic matter and, secondly, that it stores a large amount of energy into a very concentrated produce – the maize grain. In this study, we monitored the way in which the soil type and fertilisation impact yield level. Nitrogen plays a pivotal role in several physiological processes inside the plant. It is fundamental to establish the plant's photosynthetic capacity (Hageman & Below, 1984); it prolongs the effective leaf area duration, delaying senescence (Earl & Tollenaar, 1997); it is important for ear and kernel initiation, contributing to define maize sink capacity (Tollenaar et al., 1994); and it helps to maintain functional kernels throughout grain filling, influencing the number of developed kernels and kernel final size (Huber etal., 1994; Jones et al., 1996). Research was carried out over three years (2007-2009) at the Columirom S.R.L. Company (Comloşu Mare, Timis County) and it is the basis of the author’s Graduation Diploma Paper. In the soil and climate conditions at Comloşu Mare, maize crops can rely on all the factors allowing high yields in several maturity hybrid groups. Results show the impact of soil type and of cultivation technology on yield (particularly the fertilisation level, the quality of the seeding material, and the soil working system). Numerous field trials around the world have shown that, with fertilization according to crop requirement and site-specific conditions, substantial yield increases can be achieved. Balanced fertilization is important for crop yield, quality and stress resistance The study was acknowledged by the management of the Columirom S.R.L. Company who financed the study and whom I thank for their kindness, support, and professional counselling.

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maize; cultivation technology; soil type

Presentation: oral

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SUPPRESSION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA’S DEVELOPMENT BY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF PHOSPHOROUS AT TAGETES PATULA L. pag. 156-162

Brigitta Schmidt, Mónika Domonkos, Radu Şumălan, Borbála Biró

A pot experiment with hydroponic culture was conducted to study the effect of phosphorous content in rhizosphere on colonization rate of French marigold’s (Tagetes patula L.) root system with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plants were watered with Hoagland’s nutrient solution, in four variants: with normal phosphorous content, with double P content, with half and a quarter of the normal phosphorous content described in the recipe. Inoculation was realized with three different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Glomus intraradices, Gl.etunicatum and Gl.claroideum. Root samples were collected, washed, cleared with KOH and stained with aniline blue to distinguish the specific mycorrhizal formations. After the growing period, we measured the plant development indexes (plant height, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, total leaf area, number and weight of flowers per plant) and mycorrhization’s characteristics (rate of colonization and arbuscular richness) to find a correlation between concentration of phosphorous in medium, plant’s and mycorrhiza’s development. High phosphorous contents in nutrient solution determined a better growth and development of plants, resulting in an increased plant height, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, respectively, number and weight of flowers. A negative correlation was found between P and mycorhization, demonstrating the inhibitor effect on colonization and development of mycorrhizal fungi. Between plant development indexes and nutrient content there is a positive relation. Between plant height and total leaf area, shoot dry weight and root dry weight we found a very strong positive correlation. Also, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight vary according to a positive correlation curve. Results show that an excessive fertilization with phosphates, even if it increases plants’ productive performances, reduces in the same time the biodiversity of symbiotic fungi from soil and the development and extent of arbuscular mycorrhizal formations in root system of the host plants.

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arbuscular mycorrhiza; French marigold; phosphrous nutrition

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RESEARCH ON BEHAVIOR OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO CREATE NEW COMPANY LIMAGRAIN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND FOLIAR FERTILIZATION IN CONDITIONS OF TIMISOARA pag. 163-167

Mihaela Claudia Ungureanu, Valeriu Tabără

The correct application of any specific technological links sunflower crop, agriculture becomes more sustainable and performance. As with any crop plant, the company achieved spectacular progress Limagrain in Romania in recent years require further research on the main features of type sunflower hybrids Clearfield, their behavior under the influence of differentiated chemicals and foliar fertilization, with further implications on production and morphological features of the achenes. Sunflower hybrids with genetic resistance to certain herbicides imidazolină or sulfuran-urea type that can be applied postemergent contributes well as increasing yields per hectare and the efficiency of sunflower crop in the farms. Bifactorial type experience in the experimental field was located in USAMVB Timişoara. The study took three sunflower hybrids: Rimisol (approved for cultivation in Romania in 2004), F 30008 and Hidalgo, tested against four agro-backgrounds: N0P0K0, N60P60K60, N90P60K60 and N60P60K60 + foliar fertilizer (Fertitel) . In the present paper ther are highlighted aspects of the importance of the Clearfield sunflower hybrids (resistant to the herbicides of the imidazolinones group ) in Romania, the role of the chemical and foliar fertilizers on the sunflower plant growth and development with subsequent implications on production and morphological features achenes, optimal doses of fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the pedoclimatic conditions of Timisoara. When applying a foliar vegetation agro-background N60 P60 K60, achieved production of 4602 kg / ha with 263 kg / ha more than the output produced agro unfertilized. Increased production from agro control is provided as very significant. Balanced fertilization with NPK and foliar fertilization applied agro-background N60 P60 K60 positively influence the formation of achenes thereby achieving average yields as highly significant statistically. Physical traits MMB and MH are less influenced by different culture conditions and are quite high for the year what climatic conditions argue that hybrids have a high degree of adaptation to conditions less favorable for sunflowers. Analyzing the three hybrids tested MMB to highlight the fact that fertilization stimulates foliar chemical and mass value of 1000 grains, leading to its growth.

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sunflower hybrids; hectoliter weight; 1000 grainsweight; yield

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON THE CONTENT OF OIL IN A THREE ACHENES SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN TERMS OF TIMISOARA pag. 168-173

Mihaela Claudia Ungureanu, Valeriu Tabără

Market presence in Romania for 10 years Limagrain company and the significant results obtained by testing the potential of hybrid sunflower production, and along with the technology you have available, scientifically argues that culture is placed in the best solution for farmers. The correct application of any specific links sunflower crop, agriculture becomes more sustainable and performance. Sunflower is cultivated for its seeds are used as feedstock in the cooking oil industry, providing 9% of the raw materials processed annually in the world oil industry and 12% of world production of oil. In Romania, became the third sunflower crop in area planted. The importance of this plant is given by oil that it produces seed oil quality in human nutrition, urged consumers. In the present study are highlighted aspects of the importance of sunflower hybrids in Romania Clearfield type, role and foliar fertilizers on growth and development of sunflower plants with subsequent implications on the production of seeds and oil content in pedoclimatic conditions of Timisoara. The study were taken three sunflower hybrids with resistance to herbicides such as imidazoline create by the company Limagrain: Rimisol (approved for cultivation in Romania in 2004), F30008 and Hidalgo. The research topic chosen, the hybrids mentioned are tested against four agro-backgrounds: N0P0K0, N60P60K60, N90P60K60 and N60P60K60 + foliar fertilizer (Fertitel). Bifactorial type experience in the experimental field was located within USAMVB Timişoara. Under the influence of fertilization, increasing oil production hybrids studied. Thus from the agro unfertilized, fertilized with the agro 60kg/ha nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, oil production increased by 406 kg / ha, the increase was statistically highly significant. Fertitel foliar fertilization with a balanced agrofond fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly influence oil production, resulting in a yield of 2230 kg / ha to 1722 kg / ha as is done on the agro control, increase of 508 kg / ha being provided as very significant statistically. Production of oil / ha of producing achenes and oil content, the same level of fertilization (N60P60K0) ranged from 2135 kg / ha to 2259 kg Hidalgo and hybrid / hybrid F 30008 ha to 1991 kg / ha, oil production achieved the control hybrid Rimisol. Regarding agro-background is found that fertilization significantly influence oil content in seed hybrids studied. The oil content of seeds obtained from fertilized agro-backgrounds N60P60K60 N90P60K6 that is 47% compared to only 40% as containing the seeds obtained from unfertilized control agro-background.

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sunflower hybrids; oil content; fertilization

Presentation: oral

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STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF DAIRY COWS KEPT UNBOUND IN CLOSED SHELTER WITH REST BERTHS FROM BUASVM TIMISOARA DIDACTIC STATION pag. 174-181

Nicolae Vuia, Radu Palicica

In order to increase the productivity of dairy farms is required that the old technology of maintaining the animals in the barn stalls to be replaced by a new technology that allows increasing the number of head of livestock per unit of built area and housing costs to be as low and productivity to be at a high level. Observation was conducted in Didactic Station USAMVB Timisoara on 22 lactating cows of the breeds Friză, Bălţată românească and half breeds of Friză and Bălţată românească. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of dairy cows during the three segments of the day (morning, afternoon and night), following the timing of rest period, movement and feeding, the way how unbound maintenance technology in closed shelters with individual rest bunks meet the animal requirements and its implications on livestock production and management of its opportunities to obtain higher productions. During the experimental cows were in lactation I-IV. Cows were kept in the shelter closed unbound, each cow having reserved a rest bunk. Cow ration consisted of: hay, corn, silage, fodder beet, concentrates. Observation on the behavior of cows lasted 7 consecutive days and was conducted in March. For an easy identification, each animal was marked on the croup with paint receiving a serial number. Was recorded throughout the experimental period at every 15 minutes how each animal is using time. Based on these observations was calculated the average time of sleeping accommodation usage, the use of the alley, and the time consumption of food within 24 hours. ListenRead phonetically Compared to individual differentiation advantage of feeding and caring of the animals kept bound, free stalling gives them the chance to move freely within the shelter, or between shelter and paddock ,which has positive consequences on the fertility of cows, reproductive youth development and even on milk production. However, animals maintenance in groups allow greater degree of mechanization of works and leads to a significant reduction in labor costs related to bound stalling, but requiring uniformity in age or physiological status of animals.

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dairy cows; behavior; free stalling; closed shelter; rest bunk; movement; food

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IMPACT OF MINERAL FERTILISATION ON PLANT SIZE AND ON FALL IN WINTER WHEAT pag. 182-185

Cristian Zerbea, Florin Sala

Plant size in winter wheat, a genetically-determined feature, is directly impacted by vegetation and technological factors such as fertiliser rate and particularly nitrogen fertiliser rates. Re-search carried out aimed at assessing the level of interdependence between fertilisation system and plant size in winter wheat as well as fall risks caused by the fertilisers. Fertilisation was done with nitrogen rates ranging between 0 and 200 kg of active substance per ha both alone and associated with phosphorus and potassium at rates between 0 and 150 kg of active substance per ha. In the stem, in the area of basal internodes, there is also accumulation of tension and, when the tissues have a poor mechanical resistance because of cell elongation, break risks increase in the stem. Another area of accumulation of tension in the stem is at soil level, in the roots, where there can also be mechanical actions of tissue damage. Plants responded to mineral fertilisers by different growth of the stem until kernel appearance and until maturity depending on the fertiliser rate and on the type of fertiliser applied. Plant size ranging between 74.6 cm in the control variant (not treated) and 88.90 cm in the variant treated with N150P150K150 in the year 2009 and 85.76 cm in the control variant (not treated) and 99.53 cm in the variant treated with N200P100K100 in the year 2010. Fall risk occurs in rates over 150 kg/ha of nitrogen when applied unilaterally and also under environ-mental conditions that enhance tensions generated in the stem and increase sensitivity to fall.

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mineral fertilizers; fertilization system; winter wheat stem; cereal fall; correlations

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