Vol 43, No 4 (2011)
PERFORMANCE OF TWO SOYBEANS (GLYCINE MAX L. MERR) CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT WEEDING TIMES UNDER NO TILLAGE pag. 5-11
Yugi Rahayu AHADIYAT, Agus SARJITOWeeds are the main problem in soybean production due to their harmful effects and its need to control properly in the right time for effective control and maintain yield. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of weeding time on density of weeds and yield of soybean under no tillage system. Five weeding times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks after sowing) and two soybean cultivars (Sindoro and Slamet) were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The highest summed dominance ratio (SDR) of weeds was Cynodon dacylon and Cyperus rotundus than other weeds at different time of weeding. Weeding at two weeks after sowing under no tillage gave the higher soybean yield than other weeding time.
more abstractSoybean, weeding time, no tillage, SDR, yield
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE QUALITY OF GROUNDWATERS IN THE INTERFLUVE TIMIS - BEGA CHANNEL DOWNSTREAM OF TIMISOARA - CASE STUDY COMMUNE PECIU NOU pag. 12-16
Jozsi BOTH, Iacob BORZAThis paper is about assessing the amount of nitrates and ammonium in groundwater’s of interfluves Timis-Bega Canal by using direct measurements. For half of the rural population, the only source of drinking water is represented by individual wells. The case study was done on common Peciu Nou from Timis County. In the area there is a historical pollution caused by nitrates from the former Comtim, which has led to soil and groundwater pollution. The main risk factors for nitrate pollution are septic tanks and stables, which lead to nitrate and ammonia infiltration into the groundwater on the one hand, and another risk factor is the agricultural activity by applying organic and mineral fertilizers. Soil and water pollution by nitrates became a highly debated issue in recent years especially after the entry into effect of the Nitrates Directive in 1991. Romania, as a member of the European Union must report to the communitarian committees about the nitrate pollution situation that respects the Nitrates Directive for promoting a sustainable and durable agriculture. Nitrate vulnerable zones assigned in 2003 were based on the natural conditions of soil, terrain, climate and hydrogeology related to nitrate transfer to groundwater bodies and surface water and on the the nitrogen balance (nitrogen produced by livestock manure - nitrogen extracted vegetable crops) in the corresponding administrative establishments of elementary units of the European classification of administrative units (NUTS5) communes, towns, municipal. The aim was to monitor potential areas vulnerable to nitrates, using predetermined indicators. For evaluating the content of nitrates in groundwater, several measurements were performed to track the following indicators: water temperature, depth of groundwater layer, content of nitrogen, ammonia, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen contents. Together with the measurements and observations about the local conditions were recorded the type wells, distance of wells to the stables or other potential source of pollution. The paper presents also the environmental conditions in the area studied, and some relations between measured values.
more abstractgroundwater, nitrates pollution, vulnerable area
Presentation: oral
DownloadEXPANSION OF NATURA 2000 EUROPEAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORK pag. 17-23
Lavinia Alina CALUSERU, MArinel PAŞCA, Luminiţa COJOCARIUCreated at the beginning of 1992, Natura 2000 network represents a structure aimed at protecting nature. At the same time, it is "the foundation of community politics of environment protection", being in a permanent process of monitoring and expansion to new areas that present ecological importance [11]. Up to 2011, in Romania 381 locations were declared Sites of Community Importance (273 SAC - Special Areas of Conservation and 108 SPA - Special Protection Areas). They were declared by Order no. 1964/2007 regarding the establishment of the protected area regime for the Sites of Community Interest, as integral part of European ecological network Natura 2000 in Romania and by Government Decision 1284/2007 regarding the declaration of areas of special bird and fauna protection as integral part of the European ecological network 2000 in Romania [1,2,3]. It is common knowledge that the year 2010 was "the international year of biodiversity", because of the decline of ecosystems . People are concerned about the negative impact of man on natural ecosystems becoming ever stronger in the past years [1,3]. The year 2011 is important from the point of view of biodiversity, especially through the measures taken by authorities and by the civil society towards protecting our natural heritage. More concrete, these measures refer to declaring, by law, new areas of community importance or expansions of the already-existing ones. This contributes to the expansion and coherence of Natura 2000 European ecological network in Romania and Europe. Timiş County covers 8697 km 2 , thus being the largest county in the country. Plains are the main landforms in Timiş County, covering 85% of its surface. From the point of view of biodiversity, the habitats in Timiş County are characterized by a specific composition of the flora and fauna, components of biocenoses, influenced by various climatic or edaphic factors [1,3]. The present paper aims to analyze the designation of new protected areas of community interest in Timiş County and the representativity of natural habitats of grasslands and hay meadows among these.
more abstractexpansion of Natura 2000 European ecological network, habitats of grasslands and hay meadows
Presentation: oral
DownloadSOME ASPECTS ON INTENSIFYING THE GEODESIC NETWORK BY MEANS OF G.P.S. MEASUREMENTS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CADASTRAL SERVICES IN WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 24-28
Octavius Nicolae COLTAN, Valeria CIOLACAbstract The paper is aimed at network sampling by intensifying the geodetic network to achieve cadastral works outside the city limits of Lăţunaş, Timis county. Given the scope of the project, the location as compared to the national geodetic network, and the kind of relief in the given area, we opted for sample networking by means of GPS measurements. We chose to conduct the measurements by employing the static method, which provides the highest precision. The sampling network, hereafter denominated secondary network, was placed approximately at the centre of the measurement area. In order to achieve a high level of accuracy, we opted for using higher order geodetic signals (order I and II). The signals employed as a base were chosen so as to form a triangle. However, the vicinity of the focus area to the Serbian border imposed that the two newly determined points remain outside the southern base of the main network. Nonetheless, given that the distances were well under the maximum accepted value, 10% of the base lengths, errors are virtually negligible. The working equipment consisted of 4 GPS dual frequency receivers, namely: two receivers from the HIPER Plus series and two from the HIPER Pro series of the Japanese manufacturer TOPCON. The latter have a built-in radio mode, thus allowing configuration in the RTK system. Being of dual frequency, the receivers were able to record P code signals. Given the possibility to use up to 20 channels on the receivers, it was also possible to make simultaneous use of both satellite systems. It was established that three signals from the national geodetic network be stationed on the sample area with fix receivers: Sumiga (order I), Dealul Corcanu (order II) and S-E Moraviţa (order I). The second phase on the land plot includes the execution of the cadastral surveys, with the four teams perambulating according to the planned works. The first three teams covered the signals from the national geodetic network, while the fourth team perambulated the area where the three new points had been positioned. A surveying session was completed for each of the new points with three fix references on old points and a reference point on the new points: S100, S200, and S300. The next step was to download and process the field data by using the Leica Geo Office Combined software. The drafting of the plans for primary and secondary networks was performed by using the AutoCAD program. The new reference points outside the city limits of Lăţunaş will be used in the cadastral surveying to be performed.
more abstractPresentation: oral
DownloadSOME ASPECTS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GPS SUPPORT NETWORK FOR CARRYING OUT THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN TIUR PLACE, ALBA COUNTRY pag. 29-32
Octavius Nicolae COLTAN, Valeria CIOLACThis paper aimed was to support the achievement of network performance of the sewerage network in Tiur place, Alba County. Tiur place is located in western of Tarnavelor Plateau, so called Plateau of Glajului, near the confluence of Little Tarnava with large Tarnava. It includes some of the interfluve between the two Tarnave, the South - West of Lopadea Hills and northern of Secaşelor Plateau. To achieve the support network, static method with five dual GPS equipment frequency was used. For determination, three fixed references were used: Alba Iulia, Mures and Sibiu. For determination, three fixed references were used: Alba Iulia, Mures and Sibiu. On the whole route, were fourteen pairs of terminals located in protected places, easily accessible by car, outside the areas of private property. For all terminals, there have been two sessions of measurements, with three references and four rovers on new points. To get more accurate results, and to ensure stability and confidence in solutions, will be use a specialized software in GPS data processing provided by Swiss company Leica, named Leica Geo Office COMBINED. This program allows data processing and network compensation. At the same time points determined by GPS, will be converted to STEREO-70 coordinates, using TRANSDAT program, version 4.01, official implemented by ANCPI Bucharest, respectively for control with Helmert parameters determined locally. New points coordinates (x, y, z), will form the basis of the design and execution works for sewerage network in the territory of Tiur place. During the campaign of GPS measurements, to achieve the support network in Tiur place, Alba County, has been confirmed once again the performance of GPS technology and its advantages compared to conventional surveying methods. In carrying out GPS measurements it is proposed to use dual frequency receivers, which allow reception of satellite signals on two frequencies L1 and L2. Due to the advantages of GPS technology, we propose its use in the measurement and remeasurement of the support networks in our country.
more abstractPresentation: oral
DownloadBIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF FERTILISATION ON PERMANENT GRASSLAND pag. 33-39
Marius COMAN, Alexandru MOISUCThis work inset to highlight the important role particularly in the context of grasslands is the population explosion actual. In today, world population reached about 7 billion people and the feeding problem has become increasingly problematic. This paper is intended to be a focus of recent research conducted by Romanian and foreign researchers who emphasize the importance of organic fertilization on production recorded on permanent grassland and improve their floristic composition . Work is a meticulous analysis of the results obtained by researchers from around the world on different types of permanent grassland in different conditions of temperature and precipitation. Research carried out shows that it has special role in increasing production of organic fertilizers permanent grassland . The substantial amounts of manure of manure applied on grassland may influence the species composition .The organic inputs are associated with the importation of seeds with poor ecological and forager value Rumex sp and the smothering of the sward by manure. Also, the effect of sward covering by manure is similar with the scene created by litter accumulation (Plantureux et al., 2005). After Djukic et al., (2008) the manure applied on grassland determinates changes in the floristic composition involving a higher percentage of legumes in comparison with other species and grasses. The floristic composition studies need long time researches, as in the case of biodiversity, to provide sustainable results (Djukic et al., 2008). In a permanent grassland agro-ecosystem the floristic composition varied depending on substances flow, soil nutrients availability and climatic conditions (Moisuc et all 2001). Application of organic fertilizers in a rational way contributes to changes in permanent pasture floristic composition, in the sense of increasing the valuable plants participation in economic terms.
more abstractmeadow, grassland, floristic composition, fertilization
Presentation: oral
DownloadGROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE MIDDLE BASIN OF BEGA RIVER pag. 40-46
Loredana COPACEAN, Madalina IORDACHE, Iacob BORZAThe quality of groundwater from medium depth fountains and drillings advances a particular importance for drinking water to inhabitants of rural areas in the middle basin of the Bega River, condidering that only some of the towns have centralized supply network, most of the localities being small. Even in localities with centralized supply, wells are still used in various domestic purposes. To characterize the groundwater quality in terms of quality were established 13 sampling points of water from wells (underground water) and medium depth drillings with an uniform distribution on the surface of the studied area, were taken into account 10 parameters to assess the state of water quality (pH, electro-conductibility, O 2 , CCO Cr , NO 3 , NO 2 , NH 4 , PO 4 , K and phenols). The determinations made into area and into laboratory highlight a clear distinction between the quality of water from wells and drillings. The values of pH, electrical conductivity and oxygen regime indicators for all collected samples (OD and CCO Cr ) are within the limits imposed by legislation (Law 458/2002 and Law 311/2004 amending and supplementing the drinking water quality). In the case of some fountains (especially those from Remetea Luncă, Nemeşeşti and Curtea), parameters such as nitrates, ammonium and phosphates, have values that exceed the LMA (maximal allowed limit). To the same samples were identified large amounts of potassium, an element that enters the water from washing soils that have applied large amounts of chemical fertilizer. The presence of these substances is due to agricultural activities (use of chemical fertilizers, livestock waste), household activities, etc. In the case of the medium depth drillings was not reported exceeding of LMA, the values of the analyzed indicator fall within normal limits. Water quality in drillings of medium depth is higher than in underground water, therefore, the quantities of pollutants in water decrease with depth increasing.
more abstractground-water, pollution, quality
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ROLE OF PEDOLOGICAL STUDY IN ECOPEDOLOGICAL BASES FOUNDING OF AGRICULTURAL LAND PRODUCTIVITY FROM DIN ARANCA-GALATCA INTERFLUVE pag. 47-53
Dan DOLOGA, Adrian ŢĂRĂU, Daniel DICUThe natural conditions of researched area are generally favorable for agro-alimentary sector development, under all the aspects, being an old tradition for cereal cultivation and valorization, especially by animal breedind. However, that area is situated in subsidiary, divagation and accumulation of Aranca`s, and Galaţca`s plain and his geomorfological evolution is correlated by the evolution, in time, of marine domain (Thetys) or lakes domain (Panonic), thing that have generate several types of soils. These types of soils present two situations: excess of humidity in cold season and deficit of humidity in warm season of the year, the both situation generate multiple form of stress, with negative effects on agro-ecosystems productivity and quality. Having in view all this aspects concerning at risk existence, owing sundries manifestation of natural factors or antropical irational interventions, the authors of this project try to transfer the teoretical describetively activitys to analitical activitys, who offers practical solutions for durable management of soils resources, for climatic extreme events prevention and reduction of crop waste trough intoducing of conservation tillages of soil accommodated at new climatic and soils conditions. The research of eco-pedological conditions, ordering and processingof dates was done in accordance with Development Methodology of Soil Studies (Vol I, II, III), developed by ICPA Bucharest in 1987 and the Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy (SRTS-2003). Some dates from this paper were extracted from research themes who have regarded the economical and social development in border area betwen Romania, Serbia and Hungary, trough transfrontier cooperation for protection and conservation of natural resources (wather, soil, etc) and antropical (tehnologies, cultivars), who lead to an improuvement of life standard in this region.
more abstractstudy,land, productivity, agricultural
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDY OF ECOPEDOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, AND OF VEGETATION ON SOILS DEGRADED BY MINING DOMAN pag. 54-58
Ioan GAICA, Iulia NANU, Iacob BORZAOne of the most aggressive forms of agricultural and forest degradation landsaftelor by mining that is out of the circuit vast territories temporarily or permanently. The sterile waste dumps, once under the influence of external natural modulating factors, tend to create hydro-geological systems with specific shapes and dynamics that evolve more or less rapidly due to their particular characteristics, influencing the odds of foresting activities. We should emphasize that the initial (construction) stability of the waste dumps is the most important factor in the rehabilitation process The study area is a restricted area of land around the village Doman Existing natural flora on surfaces that have been affected by mining activities was destroyed completely on these supafeţe was installed largely one nine vegetation but in a different from baseline. Research carried out on the sterile mining waste in Doman consisted of observations concerning the dynamics of natural successions on these deposits depending on their age. Succession follows the general route designed by Clements, i.e. from pioneer phytocoenoses of annual species (r-strategic) to woody phytocoenoses built up by species characteristic to the area (k-strategic) building up climax ecosystems.
more abstractdumps, vegetation
Presentation: oral
DownloadA BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY ON GENETIC PROGRESS IN THE SPECIES MEDICAGO SATIVA pag. 59-64
Dorin GAITIN, Ionel SAMFIRAAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been the main forage crop in Romania: the area cultivated with alfalfa cultivars oscillated, between 1938 and 2008, between 136,300 and 442,000 ha, i.e. 29.7-31.6% of the forage crop structure, or 4.8-5% of the arable land. Romania ranges among the largest alfalfa cultivating countries after the U.S.A., Argentina, and Italy (Anuarul Statistic al Romaniei, 1938-2008). In this context, it is important to increase the nutrient value of forage crop cultivars (to improve the content of digestible dried matter, particularly digestible protein and soluble sugars) (Schitea et Varga, 2007). The annual area cultivated with alfalfa cultivars in Romania ranges between 400,000 and 500,000 ha of pure alfalfa cultivars crop, and reaches about 1,000,000 ha of alfalfa cultivars mixed with other species of perennial gramineae. Alfalfa forage is noted for its high content of nutrients varying between wide limits depending on vegetation (Moisuc, 1991). In fact, alfalfa is a great water lover, and drought resistance comes from its capacity of developing a root system as rich and deep as possible and from its ability of overcoming hydric stress periods and of recovering quickly after the hydric deficit ceases (Ittu et Varga, 1975; Ittu et al., 1978). The advantages of cultivating alfalfa cultivars are numerous: it is a perennial legume, it can be exploited for 3-5 year, it yields highly (14-20 t dry matter per ha, in an intensive system), it has a high content of crude protein (19-20% crude protein of the dry matter); in addition, it plays a very important role in crop rotations, as improving sole, leaving in the soil important amounts of nitrogen fixed symbiotically (Varga et al. 1998). Improving forage quality was a very important objective in alfalfa cultivars improvement through the selection of genotypes with rich foliage, short internodes and fistulous shoots.
more abstractMedicago sativa, alfalfa, genetic progress, breeding features, hay production
Presentation: oral
DownloadBIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF GENETIC PROCESS IN PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA pag. 65-71
Andreea GHICA, Ionel SAMFIRAReed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), is a C 3 – photosynthesis grass species that is invasive in temperate and boreal wetland communities in North America, where was a native species in North America prior to the arrival of European settlers. The introduction of varieties from many European sorces since the mid – nineteenth century resulted in invasive populations that now form near monocultures in former sedge meadows [17], [18], [11], [22], [19], [9]. Phalaris arundinacea has also been shown to reduce plant species richness in wetlands altered by beaver [23]. Today represent one of the most efficient producers of herbaceous biomass in boreal conditions [17]. Phalaris arundinacea occurs throughout most of the continental United States, it occurs north throughout Canada and into Alaska [31] and as far south as northern Mexico [1]. Allard and Evans [8] indicated that species in North America distribution is likely a reflection of its need for long days for flowering. In present Phalaris arundinacea is common species in the northern half of the United States and southern third of Canada [19], especially in the Pacific Northwest [6], [14]. Plants Database provides a map of Phalaris arundinacea North American distribution, excluding Mexico. This very large presence arrived because of its rapid above and belowground growth and tolerance of wet soils and has been planted for use in erosion and sedimentation management [3]. Reed canarygrass is exceptionally high-yielding for hay. However, low-quality hay is frequently made because this grass is usually grown alone in areas too wet to harvest until late in the season. Reed canarygrass requires heavy fertilization to maintain a high level of production. The tall, coarse nature of this grass makes it acceptable to harvest as silage. By making this crop into silage, it is often possible to save the crop when conditions are such that it is difficult to cure as hay.
more abstractPhalaris arundinacea, reed canary grass, genetics features, hay production, sillage
Presentation: oral
DownloadEVOLUTION OF METCALFA PRUINOSA SPECIES ON VINES AND FRUIT TREES pag. 72-79
Alina GOGAN, Ioana GROZEAA new invasive species (Metcalfa pruinosa Say) was signalled in the western part of Romania one year ago. Immediately, specialists in this part of the country began to focus their research on it; more precisely, they have conducted various studies of monitoring and identification of host plants for this invasive species. The range of attacked plants seems to get larger and larger every year. In 2011, the species was observed in vines and orchards. Up to now, Metcalfa pruinosa has been considered an invasive species in Romania, present on various ornamental plants in parks, urban green spaces and on vine. In other European countries, it has also been identified on Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus domestica, Prunus avium, Vitis vinifera. Between June and October 2011, during the observations made for our PhD studies, we ran some monitoring activities in order to detect the presence of Metcalfa pruinosa in the vineyard and in the orchard at Timişoara Didactic Station. The purpose of the readings and observations was to identify the species in vineyards and orchards and to emphasize the population dynamics in the period from June to September. In order to determine the hibernating material, we made observations directly on the bark of trees and vine from October 1st to October 31st. In the orchard, we recorded data referring to the number of insects present on the following tree species: Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica, Persica vulgaris, Malus domestica and Prunus domestica. The organs Metcalfa prefers are leaves, shoots, fruits and respectively grape clusters. Observing the evolution of the species from June to September, we noticed that the first individuals appeared in the middle of June, the maximum number was recorded in mid-August and then the numbers decreased gradually towards the end of September. In October, we observed hibernating eggs in the bark of the plants under study. The data present quite a low number of Metcalfa pruinosa individuals in the plantation under study; this happens primarily because of the moment of initial installation of the species in this plantation. Careful monitoring of this species is a priority for all specialists in Romania and especially for the ones in the west of the country, as Metcalfa pruinosa Say is an invasive insect.
more abstractMetcalfa pruinosa, insect, invasive species, vines, fruit trees, western part of Romania
Presentation: oral
DownloadBIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM PALM OIL TECHNOLOGY pag. 80-85
Soni Sisbudi HARSONOThis study focuses on the production of biodiesel from palm oil technology which is applied in Indonesia. The concentration of palm biodiesel used in the test was ranged from B0 (pure petro-diesel), B10, B20, B30, B50 and B100 (pure biodiesel). The engine performance was evaluated through torque, power, and specific fuel consumption, while the emission was evaluated through carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2), and NOx pollutants. The result shows that higher content of palm biodiesel can reduce the emission of CO, HC, PM, and CO 2 . It was found that the addition of biodiesel could increase the power and torque. Further more, NOx also decreased when the content of palm biodiesel increases, which is in contrast with those generally found in the previous non palm biodiesel studies.
more abstractpalm oil biodiesel, petro-diesel, CO, hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter, O2, and NOx pollutants
Presentation: oral
DownloadTILLAGE IMPLEMENT EFFECTS ON WET STICKY SOIL pag. 86-94
Soni Sisbudi HARSONOThe objective of the research is to reduce soil adhesion on soil tillage tools using different enamel coated through analysing soil adhesion phenomena on shear stress of tillage implement. The friction angle was found not to be related to density over the range considered. As the soil approaches saturation, part of the normal stress was moved by pore pressure so the pressure between interface particles and the surface materials decreases, which cause the friction falls. The component of adhesion entirely due to the soil water present at the interface and was thus dependent of speed of movement because of the time required for water to move to the interface. The tillage implement which are coated with a ceramic surface tends to produce a smaller soil adhesion component compare with nylatron and metal surfaces
more abstractAdhesive force, soil adhesion, shear stress, non-scouring of tillage implements
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDY OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF SOME PESTICIDES ON EARTHWORMS EISENIA FOETIDA (SAVIGNY, 1826) pag. 95-100
Mădălina IORDACHE, Iacob BORZAEarthworms represent a great part of the soil biomass, and due to this fact they are suitable bioindicators of the chemical contamination, expressing the soil health and quality. The effect of the chemicals on earthworms depends on the used substance, but regardless the substance nature, it must be considered in the ecological risk assessment both the direct and the indirect effects of it on soil life. This paper shows the results of a laboratory study through which was tested the acute toxicity of two types of pesticides (herbicides), homologated in Romania, on adult earthworms: GARDOPRIM PLUS GOLD 500 SC ( classified in the risk category R50/53 - very toxic for aquatic organisms, able to cause long term adverse effects on environment, and belonging to the IV th group of toxicity ) and HELMSTAR 75 WG ( classified as N - dangerous for environment and belonging as well to the IV th group of toxicity ),. The active substances of these herbicides are S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine and respectively tribenuron-methyl. The tested earthworm species was Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826). The research aimed to establish the effect of these two herbicides on earthworm mortality using the methodology in force enounced by OECD guidelines (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). There were tested five concentration levels of each herbicide in laboratory conditions. The mortality assessment was realized at intervals by 24 and respectively 72 hours from exposure. Results showed that the herbicide GARDOPRIM PLUS GOLD 500 SC exerts an extremely toxic action on earthworms, and the second tested herbicide, HELMSTAR 75 WG was tolerated by earthworms. These findings demonstrated once again the sensitivity of these organisms such important for the soil health and fertility and highlight the necessity of precaution in using chemical substances that can get into the soil, under aspects of pedofauna abundance and activity, in order to maintain the biological equilibrium of soils.
more abstractearthworms, Eisenia foetida, toxicity, S-metolachlor, terbuthylazine, tribenuron-methyl
Presentation: oral
DownloadREMEDIATION OF SEVERAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL THROUGH EARTHWORM ACTIVITY pag. 101-105
Mădălina IORDACHE, Iacob BORZAThe great contribution of earthworms to soil quality was often demonstrated, under aspects concerning its physical and chemical properties, but numerous studies showed also the bioremediator potential of these animals living into the soil. The study consisted of laboratory experiments and was conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat (UASVMBT), from Timişoara city, Romania. The experiment consisted of several plastic vats filled with soil classified as Chernozem (FAO System) purchased from the Didactic and Experimental Station of UASVMBT. There were used earthworms from species Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826). The experimental variants were the control variant and the variant with organic fertilisation. The organic fertiliser consisted of swine sludge which was added at once in the beginning of experiment. The analyzed factors were pH, NH 3 , NO - 3 , NO - 2 , PO + 4 , Zn 2+ , and Cu 2+ . Ulterior, in each vat were added 50 adult worms which were weighed previously. Monitoring of the chemical parameters of soil was realised after one and respectively two months since earthworms were added. The obtained results show that each analyzed chemical parameter of the soil was modified both after the first and the second month. Testing of the bioremediator potential of the earthworm species Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826), in laboratory conditions, led to the following conclusions: earthworms assimilated very well the swine sludge as food source, at the end of experiment no earthworm was found dead; after one month of experiment, the concentrations of the analyzed chemical factors of the soil were lower than those recorded at the beginning of experiment in the swine sludge; after two months of experiment there was found that each analyzed chemical parameter of the soil was modified, in the sense of their decrease, both after the first and the second month, being recorded decreases of their concentrations, which led to conclusion that earthworms can represent a solution to bio-remediate the polluted agricultural soils .
more abstractbioremediation, earthworms, swine sludge, pH, nitrates, ammonia, heavy metals
Presentation: oral
DownloadDEPENDENCE OF THE GREEN MASS PRODUCTION ON THE NITROGEN AMOUNT APPLIED IN A HILL GRASSLAND pag. 106-110
Razvan MIHĂILESCU, Alexandru MOISUC, Luminiţa COJOCARIUThe productive potential of the permanent grasslands varies depending on technological factors, station factors (altitude, supplying status with mineral elements etc.), floristic composition, and management (especially fertilization) (Porqueddu et al., 2004). The main goal of this paper is to find the dependence of the green mass production on the nitrogen amount applied in the grassland of Vârciorova and to determine the production increase obtained for 1 kg nitrogen active substance in the studied variants. In order to achieve the established objective, among the experiments with chemical fertilizers studied for five years (2006-2010), we selected only those variants where different amounts of nitrogen were applied (without phosphorous and potassium): V2 (N 100 P 0 K 0 ), V3 (N 200 P 0 K 0 ) and V8 (N 100+100 P 0 K 0 ). The effect of nitrogen is more pronounced after its application for a long time period. Of course, to these findings a multitude of other factors contributes also, for example, the abundant precipitations from this area which favour the nitrogen consume by plants. The achieved results showed that production increase for 1 kg nitrogen active substance is higher at the dose of 100 kg/ha (23,66 kg green mass), than for the dose of 200 kg/ha (16,2 kg green mass, respectively 16,46 kg green mass), when nitrogen is applied for three years consecutively. The same situation persists also when nitrogen is applied five years consecutively, but the increases are larger.
more abstractgreen mass production, nitrogen fertilization, increase for 1 kg nitrogen active substance
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE COMPARATIV REZULTS OF HEMPSEED PRODUCTION OF MONOECIOUS AND DIOECIOUS CULTIVARS (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) pag. 111-118
Marcela MIHOC, Georgeta POPIncreased consumption of organic food entails the use of hemp seeds in various food (bakery products, chocolate, beer). But the legislation which places the hemp plant on the severe narcotic list led to the disappearance of almost all the culture of hemp in Romania. Starting from these considerations, the paper proposes a study of the evolution of production values and physical parameters(MMB-1000 grain and HM) recorded in some hemp varieties approved in Romania under the influence of foliar fertilization products and different seeding space.The biological material used is composed of monoecious (Zenit, Diana, Denise) and dioecious (Armanca and Silvana) varieties with THC content of less than 0,2%. Bellow basic fertilization, foliar treatments were applied using the following products: Fertleader Viti, Fertileader Magic and Corona K. Fertileader Viti, leafs fertilizers with P and K, produce a bigger yield of seed in monoecious and dioecious varieties. The 20 cm seeding spacing ensures a proper nutritional area for hemp plants. The study of the impact of foliar fertilization on seed yield of hemp varieties approved in Romania adds novelty and originality to the work
more abstracthempseed, foliar fertilization, seeding space, varieties
Presentation: oral
DownloadPRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF RAW JUICE MELLITUS OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM B. VAR. SACCHARATUM) UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HYBRID AND FERTILIZATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CARAS-SEVERIN COUNTY RĂCĂŞDIA pag. 119-122
Liviu Marcel MUNTEANU, Valeriu TABĂRĂAbstract: History shows that cereals have always maintained their significance, along the development of human society and to this day. In addition, however, one can see a close link between grain production and progress of civilization. Sorghum is a very old culture, known in India for over 2000 years, cultivated for: beans, brooms, rich in sugar syrup, animal feed or fodder crop as green. Climate Change to heating and arid during 2001-2050 in the Balkans, which is located and Romania, requires a reconsideration of sorghum as: cereal food (beans composite flour used in the formula for baking gluten and gluten-free, fresh juice, extracted of strains used in the manufacture of syrup, vinegar and other food), fodder (as green mass, hay storage, feed pellets) and crops (sorghum and sorghum mature mellitus for the production of raw materials for energy (liquid, solid, gas, electricity, heat), chemical (stationery and textile pulp, plastics), building materials and craft industry (of household and industrial brushes, brooms, blended. Sorghum is the second cereal after maize commercially exploiting the heterosis effect in the agricultural farm, which increased the average production per hectare. is the first grain sorghum that has been fully sequenced genome (2006), which will give rhythms in November progress in improving the species in the coming years. sorghum grains used directly in the form of flour feeding people in some parts of Africa, India, China, Middle East and Egypt. In industry is used in the manufacture of starch, alcohol and beer, mixed with grains of barley. The sweet sorghum juice is extracted a sweet, rich and varied sucrose fitomasă energy use. In many parts of the world sorghum was traditionally used in various foods such as porridge , unleavened bread, cookies, cakes, couscous and various soft drinks and alcoholic. sorghum has unique properties that make it very suitable for food use. Some varieties of sorghum are rich in antioxidants and all varieties of sorghum are without gluten, an alternative attractive for those suffering from wheat allergy. Modern science in food and nutrition, attaches great importance to the role of nutrition in prevention of onset. Special attention is given to the development of food products for people with increased sensitivity to certain foods. The culture of sorghum, using far fewer pesticides than other crops (wheat and corn). It also should not neglect the fact that sorghum, sorghum particularly diabetes, contribute significantly to reduce air pollution ¬ bad. In different literature, shows that one hectare of sweet sorghum absorbs from the atmosphere each year between 40 and 55 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2), while other crops, eg cereals, only 3 to 10 tons per year CO2/ha . It should be noted that the sorghum plant is not lost anything after processing.Experience has been located in specific climatic conditions Răcasdia commune, Caras Severin, on a brown ground, I-mezogleizat moderate slope deposits formed from decomposition and alteration of basic metamorphic rocks. Experience is bifactorial type, so that the annual Repeat the cycle terminates the experimental field we have experience in first year, second year and third year. The biological material used F135ST and Primsilo were hybrids. ST F135 hybrid obtained from INCDA Fundulea, and hybrid seed is certificate Primsilo of French origin. Mineral fertilizers applied sorghum crop mellitus, increased production of strains of which was obtained raw juice production. Change in production of sweet sorghum stalks raw juice (Sorghum b. var. Saccharatum) vary depending on hybrid and the influence of fertilization. The results of this study are part of a doctoral program, with as theme: "Research on the potential production potential in sorghum mellitus (Sorghum b. var. Saccharatum) and grain (Sorghum b. var. Eusorghum)" funded by the Ministry of Education Tineretului and Sports Research, the IOD U.S.A.M.V.B. Timisoara under the distinguished university professor Valeriu Tabara.
more abstractsweet sorghum, raw juice, fertilization.
Presentation: oral
DownloadINFLUENCE HYBRIDS AND FERTILISATION ON THE PRODUCTION OF GRAIN SORGHUM GRAINS (SORGHUM B. VAR. EUSORGHUM) IN THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD FROM RĂCĂŞDIA CARAS – SEVERIN pag. 123-127
Liviu Marcel MUNTEANU, Valeriu TABĂRĂHistory shows that cereals have always maintained their significance, along the development of human society and to this day. In addition, however, one can see a close link between grain production and progress of civilization. Sorghum is a very old culture, known in India for over 2000 years, cultivated for: beans, brooms, rich in sugar syrup, animal feed or fodder crop as green. Climate Change to heating and unproductive during 2001-2050 in the Balkans, which is located and Romania, requires a reconsideration of sorghum as: cereal food (beans composite flour used in the formula for baking gluten and gluten-free, fresh juice, extracted of strains used in the manufacture of syrup, vinegar and other food), fodder (as green mass, hay storage, feed pellets) and crops (sorghum and sorghum mature mellitus for the production of raw materials for energy (liquid, solid, gas, electricity, heat), chemical (stationery and textile pulp, plastics), building materials and craft industry (of household and industrial brushes, brooms, blended. Sorghum is the second cereal after maize commercially exploiting the heterosis effect in the agricultural farm, which increased the average production per hectare. is the first grain sorghum that has been fully sequenced genome (2006), which will give rhythms in November progress in improving the species in the coming years. sorghum grains used directly in the form of flour feeding people in some parts of Africa, India, China, Middle East and Egypt. In industry is used in the manufacture of starch, alcohol and beer, mixed with grains of barley. The sweet sorghum juice is extracted a sweet, rich and varied sucrose fitomasă energy use. In many parts of the world sorghum was traditionally used in various foods such as porridge , unleavened bread, cookies, cakes, couscous and various soft drinks and alcoholic. Sorghum has unique properties that make it very suitable for food use. Some varieties of sorghum are rich in antioxidants and all varieties of sorghum are without gluten, an alternative attractive for those suffering from wheat allergy. Modern science in food and nutrition, attaches great importance to the role of nutrition in prevention of onset. Special attention is given to the development of food products for people with increased sensitivity to certain foods. The culture of sorghum, using far fewer pesticides than other crops (wheat and corn). It also should not neglect the fact that sorghum, sorghum particularly diabetes, contribute significantly to reduce air pollution ¬ bad. In different literature, shows that one hectare of sweet sorghum absorbs from the atmosphere each year between 40 and 55 tones of carbon dioxide (CO2), while other crops, eg cereals, only 3 to 10 tons per year CO2/ha . It should be noted that the sorghum plant is not lost anything after processing. Experience has been located in specific climatic conditions Răcasdia commune, Caras Severin, on a brown ground, I-mezogleizat moderate slope deposits formed from decomposition and alteration of basic metamorphic rocks. Experience is bifactorial type, so that the annual Repeat the cycle terminates the experimental field we have experience in first year, second year and third year. The biological matherial used were hybrids F32 and Arakan. F32 hybrid obtained from INCDA Fundulea, the seed being certificate, and hybrid Arakan French provenance. Mineral fertilizers applied to grain sorghum crop, increased grain production. Variation in grain production in grain sorghum grain (Sorghum b. var. Eusorghum) vary depending on hybrid and the influence of fertilization. The results of this study are part of a doctoral program, with as theme: "Research on the potential production potential in sorghum mellitus (Sorghum b. var. Saccharatum) and grain (Sorghum b. var. Eusorghum)" funded by the Ministry of Education Tineretului and Sports research, the IOD U.S.A.M.V.B. Timisoara under the distinguished university professor Valeriu Tabara.
more abstractgrain sorghum, grain production, fertilization, hybrids
Presentation: oral
DownloadPRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY TRITICALE GRAINS (TRITICOSECALE WITTMACK) UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DENSITY AND CLIMATIC UNDER THE VARIETY RĂCĂŞDIA CARAS-SEVERIN COUNTY pag. 128-132
Pavel NEFIR, Valeriu TABĂRĂCereals (wheat, triticale, rye, barley, oats, corn, sorghum, millet, rice, etc.) represents the group of plants growing importance to human existence and activity. They are irreplaceable in human food and animal feed due to the chemical composition of grains containing: carbohydrates (60%), protein substances (10-16%), minerals, fats, vitamins. Grain foods can be consumed daily is appropriate and appreciated the human body needs both in terms of taste and nutrition of their value. Cereals are widely used in many industry goods food: bread and pasta (wheat, triticale, rye, etc..) Invented the anufacture of sugar and vegetable oil (corn) preparation of juices and sweet substances (sorghum) production meal, millet flakes and barley (millet, barley, oats, etc..) Manufacture of starches (wheat, rice, corn, etc..) canning (rice) production of glucose, dextrin (wheat, corn, etc.). cereal grains is the raw material and for other industries such as alcoholic beverages industry (manufacture of spirits and beer from maize, triticale, barley, rice, etc.), pharmaceuticals (the manufacture of scleroţii antihemoragice substances obtained from the rye fungus Cleviceps purpureea of some medicines rice, etc.). Straw (stems) are used in cereals straw pulp and paper industry, in small industry (knitting) and other manufacturing activities. Cereals are the main raw material for production of meat, milk and eggs. No concentrate feed intake can not be deprived of corn, oats, barley, etc. triticalei The most effective succulent forage is obtained from corn, even feed fibers are made up of a cereal mash straw.As occupation, cultivation of cereals (especially straw) technology is simple, requires no special systems for cars, is mechanized and efficient (lower cost cernd).Cereals are important in terms of plant growing: there are good and very good preceding crops, enrich the soil by stimulating processes of nitrification (by harvesting early grain straw) protects the land against soil erosion in hilly areas dacăsemănatul be made on contour direction, recover the land on which other cultures are not productive (triticale). As a general rule, triticale combines the high potential of wheat production and quality with disease resistance and tolerance to environmental factors stepchildren (including soil) from rye. Due to advances in genetic improvement of triticale varieties have been developed commercially viable (the production potential and high stability) competitive with other cereals and even corn, especially for hilly areas with infertile soils and low pH. New varieties of triticale are equal or superior to other cultures for grain yield, forage and biomass production for human food, animal feed or industrial applications.As important as forage crop triticale is used mainly in feed concentrate monogastricelor food (pigs and poultry) due to its higher that of other cereals in protein, lysine and tryptophan and high carbohydrate digestibility and protein substances. Recent research shows that protein energy ratio is generally higher when obtained from forage triticale forage than the traditional focus. Triticale protein has higher value as that of wheat, being rich in potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and zinc. From this conclusion it is necessary and an adaptation of the milling and bakery industry, is noted for processing triticalei that all techniques used to date have been made for wheat. Triticale grains have a composition that allows their use in the production of malt for brewing beans triticale class.Din extract alcohol can be done in the average 400 l / t grain.Experience has been located in specific climatic conditions Răcasdia commune, Caras Severin, on a brown ground, I-mezogleizat moderate slope deposits formed from decomposition and alteration of basic metamorphic rocks. Experience is bifactorial type, so that the annual Repeat the cycle terminates the experimental field we have experience in first year, second year and third year. Biological material have been used varieties: Cascador, Haiduc, Titan, Stil, Gorun.Mineral fertilizers applied to crop triticale, increased grain production.Variation in grain production in triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) vary depending on the variety and density influence.The results of this study are part of a doctoral program, with as theme: "Research on crop production potential of triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack)" funded by the Ministry of Education and Sports Research Tinertului by IOD U.S.A.M.V.B. Timisoara under the distinguished university professor Valeriu Tabara.
more abstracttriticale, variety, density
Presentation: oral
DownloadEFFECT ON PRODUCTS FROM VARIETY FERTILIZATION AND TRITICALE (TRITICOSECALE WITTMACK) IN THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD FROM RĂCĂŞDIA CARAS-SEVERIN COUNTY pag. 133-137
Pavel NEFIR, Valeriu TABĂRĂCereals (wheat, triticale, rye, barley, oats, corn, sorghum, millet, rice, etc.) represents the group of plants growing importance to human existence and activity. They are irreplaceable in human food and animal feed due to the chemical composition of grains containing: carbohydrates (60%), protein substances (10-16%), minerals, fats, vitamins. Grain foods can be consumed daily is appropriate and appreciated the human body needs both in terms of taste and nutrition of their value. Cereals are widely used in many industry goods food: bread and pasta (wheat, triticale, rye, etc..) Invented the manufacture of sugar and vegetable oil (corn) preparation of juices and sweet substances (sorghum) production meal, millet flakes and barley (millet, barley, oats, etc..) Manufacture of starches (wheat, rice, corn, etc..) canning (rice) production of glucose, dextrin (wheat, corn, etc.). Cereal grains is the raw material and for other industries such as alcoholic beverages industry (manufacture of spirits and beer from maize, triticale, barley, rice, etc.), pharmaceuticals (the manufacture of sclerotic antihemoragice substances obtained from the rye fungus Cleviceps purpureea of some medicines rice, etc.). Straw (stems) are used in cereals straw pulp and paper industry, in small industry (knitting) and other manufacturing activities. Cereals are the main raw material for production of meat, milk and eggs. No concentrate feed intake can not be deprived of corn, oats, barley, etc. triticalei The most effective succulent forage is obtained from corn, even feed fibers are made up of a cereal mash. As work, cultivation of cereals (especially straw) technology is simple, requires no special systems for cars, is mechanized and efficient (lower cost cernd). Cereals are important in terms of plant growing: there are good and very good preceding crops, enrich the soil by stimulating processes of nitrification (by harvesting early grain straw) protects the land against soil erosion in hilly areas if sowing be made on contour direction, recover the land on which other cultures are not productive (triticale). As a general rule, triticale combines the high potential of wheat production and quality with disease resistance and tolerance to environmental factors stepchildren (including soil) from rye. Due to advances in genetic improvement of triticale varieties have been developed commercially viable (the production potential and high stability) competitive with other cereals and even corn, especially for hilly areas with infertile soils and low pH. New varieties of triticale are equal or superior to other cultures for grain yield, forage and biomass production for human food, animal feed or industrial applications. As important as forage crop triticale is used mainly in feed concentrate monogastricelor food (pigs and poultry) due to its higher that of other cereals in protein, lysine and tryptophan and high carbohydrate digestibility and protein substances. Recent research shows that protein energy ratio is generally higher when obtained from forage triticale forage than the traditional focus. Triticale protein has higher value as that of wheat, being rich in potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and zinc. From this conclusion it is necessary and an adaptation of the milling and bakery industry is noted for processing triticale that all techniques used to date have been made for wheat. Triticale grains have a composition that allows their use in the production of malt for brewing beans. Triticale calitate. From extract alcohol can be done in the average 400 l / t grain. Experience has been located in specific climatic conditions Răcasdia commune, Caras Severin, on a brown ground, I-mezogleizat moderate slope deposits formed from decomposition and alteration of basic metamorphic rocks. Experience is bifactorial type, so that the annual Repeat the cycle terminates the experimental field we have experience in first year, second year and third year. Biological material has been used varieties: Cascade, Haiduc, TITAN, style, Gorun. Mineral fertilizers applied to crop triticale, increased grain production. Variation in grain production in triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) vary depending on variety and the influence of fertilization. The results of this study are part of a doctoral program, with as theme: "Research on crop production potential of triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack)" funded by the Ministry of Education and Sports Research Tinertului by IOD U.S.A.M.V.B. Timisoara under the distinguished university professor Valeriu Tabara.
more abstracttriticale, variety, fertilization
Presentation: oral
DownloadCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SOIL STRUCTURE AND ORGANIC MATTER IN DIFFERENT SOIL MANAGEMENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN WATER-STABLE AGGREGATES pag. 138-149
Vladimír ŠIMANSKÝThe chemical properties, soil structure stability and soil organic matter of Haplic Luvisol and their relationships with carbon sequestration in water-stable aggregates were studied in different soil managements. In 1999, the Department of Plant Production of SAU-Nitra established a long-term experiment. Soil samples were taken in all treatments (conventional, minimal tillage and grassland; treatments: without fertilization, crop residues together with NPK fertilizers, NPK fertilizers). Tillage systems had a statistically significant influence on changes of soil pH. Conventional tillage affected more positively. A higher content of total organic carbon was determined in minimal tillage (by 8%) and in grassland (by 55%), but the quality of SOM was the best in conventional tillage. From the point of view of favourable size fractions of water-stable aggregates, the highest content was in grassland, on the other hand conventional tillage contributed negatively, but fertilization contributed positively. Obtained results showed carbon sequestration mainly in favourable size fractions of water-stable aggregates (from 5x10 -4 to 3x10 -3 m) in conventional tillage as well as in crop residues together with NPK fertilizers. Positive effects of stabile SOM and negative effects of labile SOM on aggregation processes were observed as well.
more abstractSoil Structure Stability; Water-stable Aggregates; Soil Organic Matter
Presentation: oral
DownloadUSING PEDOLOGICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL INFORMATION IN DETERMINING OF AGRICULTURAL LAND PRODUCTIVITY FROM VINGA PLAIN pag. 150-159
Adrian ŢĂRĂU, Daniel DICU, Dan DOLOGAUsing the data obtained through out pedological studies and researches conducted by specialists from OSPA Timisoara and materialized in “Banat soils map”, updated in 1999 and 2003 with new pedological studies and also with data gathered from the agricultural and forest sites of the national monitoring syste. The researches regarding the evolution of the agro-ecosystems quality and productivity from the Vinga High Plain tries to highlight the quality and quantity changes emerged in the agricultural ecosystem. It concerning a surface of 141249 hectares (72721ha in Timis County and 68528 ha in Arad county) , belonging to cadastral territorys situated in Vinga Plain or in the areas of low plain near this or near Lipova Hills : Variaş, Satchinez, Orţişoara, Maşloc, Sânandrei, Biled, Becicherecu Mic, Timişoara, Dumbrăviţa, Giarmata, Remetea Mare, Ghiroda (in Timiş County) and Secusigiu, Felnac, Şagu, Vinga, Arad, Fântânele, Zăbrani, Lipova (in Arad county). The examination of eco-pedological conditions, were setting in order and processing dates were made according to „The Pedological Studies Elaboration Methodology “, (vol. I,II,III) of ICPA Bucharest, in 1987 and Romanian Taxonomic System of Soils (SRTS-2003). There are presented some aspects regarding the physical and geographical characterization of investigated area. Here are briefly introduced the geology and lithology of surface materials, clime conditions, land drainage etc., as defining elements for edaphic resources’ main characteristics. Also, regarding the soil conditions have been determined the defining characteristics for the ecosystems productivity, granulated structure and humus content. In close relation with the first two aspects have been established the water content and the cationic change capacity. In order to determine the complex relation that take place between different soil characteristics and agro-ecosystems components, the researches were conducted both on field and laboratory. Studying the natural conditions (relief, lithology, hydrology, clime) and the antrophic ones it can be observed that the diversity of pedoclimatic conditions and the specific characteristics of the studied area have a great impact upon land resources and the way lands are used in general and in particular the agricultural ones (and also upon their actual and future productivity).
more abstractpedological; productivity; land; soil; resources
Presentation: oral
DownloadPREFERENCES OF DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA LE CONTE ADULTS FOR SUNFLOWER pag. 160-166
Raluca Mariana TRUSCA, Ioana GROZEADiabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte is a species of European importance. In our country, in recent years attention has been directed toward host plants. This paper comes as a response to the question whether there are other plants to ensure their survival and breeding, except maize. The literature mentions that the main host plant for Diabrotica virgifera virgifera species is corn (Zea mays). Several other crops, such as sunflower, winter wheat and clover are mentioned in literature as secondary host plants, but no real damage has been observed in the field. The researches were carried out in doctoral experience installed in experimental area field belonging to USAMVB Resort Timisoara. Experimental lot was founded in May, through studies and experimental techniques and seeding of variants. Experience was conceived through the whole surface sowing experiment, in which was then placed a cage of isolation, each cage, in fact, representing a repetition. Diabrotica virgifera virgifera adults were introduced into each cage after their mass occurrence in maize field. Tracking and measuring their feeding mode and setting the plant organs favorite in terms of percentage of attack were made by regular observations at an interval of 7 days. Plants in cages have been maintained as required by technological growth and development links of sunflower. Following observations found that in three repetitions, all plants analyzed were attacked only in the inflorescence. In conditions of isolation Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte adults are attracted mainly by sunflower inflorescence parts (petals, pollen). The leaves were not attacked. Towards attack percentage recorded in isolation cages it can be observed that all analyzed sunflower plants showed blossom attack starting at a low 25%, in early August and reaching a very high consumption, 75% by the end of August
more abstractWCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte, adult, feeding, sunflower, cage isolation
Presentation: oral
DownloadFLOODS AND THEIR LIKELY IMPACTS ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN BOLAMAN RIVER BASIN (ORDU, TURKEY). pag. 167-173
Hüseyin TUROĞLU, İskender DÖLEKFloods, causing inundation, frequently occur in the Bolaman River basin. In this study, flood risk zonation and impacts of inundation on ecological environment were investigated in the Bolaman River basin. Inundation risk zonation was carried out using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies. When results were overlayed with landcover data of the study area, it was seen, that the settlement and agricultural areas in the study area will be affected by floods. Also, ecological environmental problems, such as water and soil pollutions, agricultural soil erosion, agricultural land degredations causing flood sediments as well as the ecological deterioration on living environment of natural flora and fauna will be caused by floods in the Bolaman River basin.
more abstractFlood, ecology, River basin, GIS
Presentation: oral
DownloadDIVERSITY OF BIRD POPULATIONS IN ECOSYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN THE SUBURBAN AREA OF TIMISOARA CITY, IN HIEMAL SEASON pag. 174-179
Cornelia (GRECU) VĂDUVA, Andreea FÂC, Florian BORLEAAgroecosystems of periurban areas in Timisoara city are represented by agricultural crops (in the north is USAMVB Timisoara resort, adjacent thoroughfares to Calea Aradului si Calea Torontalului and in the south Calea Sagului area), pastures (Freidorf area in the western side and in the south eastern the areaof Calea Buziasului – Calea Mosnitei , aiming at a mixed grassland ecosystem, agricultural crops and residential areas). This paper aims to show a picture of the avifauna from ecosystems of agricultural crops, heavily modified by humans, share the adaptability of species of birds in such habitats. These lists may contribute to the composition of similar databases as the Common Bird Monitoring Program of the Romanian Ornithological Society, very important data for nature conservation throughout the country and at international level; through this kind of research is attempted the composition of data bases on the conservation status of bird populations and to find strategies to limit negative effects on society due to their development.The investigation method applied is based on the path method (Ferry and Frochot, 1958), improved through a statistical method processed by specialists from the Zoology Department of the Faculty of Chemistry, Biology and Geography of the Western University from Timisoara. The method emphasizes both aspects of abundance and species coverage of energy and the importance of species in ecosystem. From observations, that are present between 12 and 24 species of birds, with few exceptions, the typical season, this type of ecosystems and their peculiarities. The degree of dominance varies from one ecosystem to another, depending on the vegetation, especially woody vegetation, the vicinity of transport routes, with wooded areas or residential areas. Most adapted proved to be the antropofile and ubicviste species.The rapace are described in various specialized works as generally useful agricultural species through biological control that is unintentionally practiced by the act of feeding, such as owl (Athene noctua) (Catuneanu, 1952), which in a month consumes 300 mice , Asio flammeus and Buteo buteo or Corvus frugilegus , which contributes more to combat beetle by feeding with its larvae that are unearthed during plowing.
more abstractagroecosystem, birds, dominance, Timisoara
Presentation: oral
DownloadAVIFAUNA OF THE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE PERIURBAN AREA OF TIMISOARA IN HIEMAL SEASON pag. 180-185
Cornelia (GRECU) VĂDUVA, Andreea FÂC, Florian BORLEAThe periurban area of the city includes the forest ecosystem, represented by Padurea Verde, agroecosistem and ecotone areas. Agroecosystems are represented by agricultural crops (in the north, adjacent thoroughfares to Calea Aradului si Calea Torontalului and in the south Calea Sagului area), pastures (Freidorf area in the western side and in the south eastern the area of Calea Girocului -Calea Buziasului – Calea Mosnitei , aiming at a mixed grassland ecosystem, agricultural crops and residential areas). This paper aims to show a picture of the avifauna of pastures modified by humans, share the adaptability of species of birds in such habitats. These lists may contribute to the composition of similar databases as the Common Bird Monitoring Program of the Romanian Ornithological Society, very important data for nature conservation throughout the country and at international level; through this kind of research is attempted the composition of data bases on the conservation status of bird populations and to find strategies to limit negative effects on society due to their development. The investigation method applied is based on the path method (Ferry and Frochot, 1958), improved through a statistical method processed by specialists from the Zoology Department of the Faculty of Chemistry, Biology and Geography of the Western University from Timisoara. The method emphasizes both aspects of abundance and species coverage of energy and the importance of species in ecosystem. From observations there are present 28 bird species, characteristic for this season and type of ecosystem and therparticularity. The species that hold higher degrees are: Corvus frugilegus, Columba livia domestica, Pica pica, and Larus ridibundus for Freidorf area, due to the proximity to the Bega Canal. They are described in various specialized works as generally useful agricultural species through biological control that is unintentionally practiced by the act of feeding and they are mentioned in various literatures as well adapted to city life and extremely inventive when environmental conditions change (Catuneanu, 1952).
more abstractpastures, birds, dominance, Timisoara
Presentation: oral
DownloadPARTICIPATORY THREE DIMENSIONAL MODEL MAPPING (P3DM): EXPANDING RURAL HORIZONS AND DECISION MAKING FOR FOOD SECURITY PLANNING, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND FLOOD RISK REDUCTION IN GHANA pag. 186-195
E. DWAMENA, R. BANAYNAL, Francis KEMAUSUORAmidst the enormous agriculture and natural resource potential of Northern Ghana, food security remains a perennial issue, more recently compounded by the recurring Volta River flooding of low-lying areas threatening livelihoods, causing damages to farmlands, properties, loss of lives and socio-economic dislocation. In an attempt to strengthen rural poor communities to take control of their lives and build resilience against such threats, many community-driven initiatives employing various participatory planning and decision making tools have been pursued over the past decade in Ghana. Most of these participatory tools also explored how collaboration among external stakeholders, local institutions and beneficiary communities could be enhanced and sustained. Currently active participation and effective collaboration have not risen to an effective level. In this regards, Participatory 3-Dimensional Modelling (P3DM) is presented as a tool for active participation and effective collaboration among development agencies and beneficiary communities in Ghana. The P3DM captures the vast complex landscape resources into an incredibly concise solid contour model easily understandable to the learned and the unlearned. Using the 3D map for Northern Ghana, regional stakeholders were facilitated to identify and evaluate their areas of interest on the ground in terms of their relationship to the biophysical and socio-economic attributes of the landscape. The clarity of landscape information overlaid in the 3D enhanced discussion among stakeholders and forged collaboration for greater impact, including identification of gaps in promising areas. The use of 3D in community and regional level planning for agriculture and natural resource management presents a new and more promising opportunity for more community participation and institutional collaboration towards sustainable development of Ghana.
more abstract3-Dimensional Modelling, Food Security, Flooding, Collaboration, Participation
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDIES REGARDING PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM CONTENT OF JOHNSON GRASS IN DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT STAGES pag. 196-201
Ramona ŞTEF, Ioana GROZEA, A. F. CĂRĂBEŢ, Ana -Maria VÎRTEIU, Snejana DAMIANOVThe Johnson grass is adapted to a wide variety of pedo – climatic, climatic and biological conditions. In Romania Sorghumm halepense still considered a problematic weed (Sarpe N., 2004) in some crop cultures. The Johnson grass damaging potential consist in his high competitiviy to the crop plants in order to get nourishment, water and light (McWhorter, 1973). Based on these informations we have established as objective the quantification of phosphorus and potassium in Johnson grass in different growth stages, between BBCH 10 – BBCH 69 (emerging – blossom ending). In this interval the quantity of phosphorus and potassium was determined from rhizomes, stalk, leaves and panicle. The Johnson grass samples where gathered in zigzag way, the samples were placed in plastic bags and brought in the agrochemical laboratories of Agricultural Sciences am Veterinary Medicine of Banats University Timisoara. The chemical analyses were based on methods found in various papers (Radulov Isidora, 2004) where the potassium quantity is assessed trough emission spectrometry method where the intensity of K atoms emission under excitation on air – acetylene flame is measured. In order to determine the phosphorus quantity we used the colorimetric method based on the fact that the orthophosphoric acid anions present in the analysing solution react with molybdenum trioxide MoO 3 , resulting phosphomolybdic hetero-polyacid. Following the studies we observe that the highest potassium percent (K 2 O) 3,95% was present in growth stage BBCH 18 (8 leaves developed), the recorded values lay between 0,8 – 3,95%. The results obtained assessing P 2 O 5 quantity do not exert significant fluctuation (0.3-1.0 mg), the highest value was recorded in growth stages BBCH 39 when the vegetative organs of Sorghum halepense achieved maximum development. Among analysed organs the inflorescence proved to have the highest potassium quantity (1,92%). The highest phosphorus quantity was achieved in rhizomes, sustaining the statement “the rhizomes are the energy deposit of species Sorghum halepense”
more abstractSorghum halepense, fosfor, potasiu,
Presentation: oral
DownloadCOMPARISONS BETWEEN GREEN MASS PRODUCTIONS OBTAINED BY FERTILIZATION IN THE GRASSLAND OF VÂRCIOROVA, CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY pag. 202-206
Razvan MIHĂILESCU, Luminiţa COJOCARIU, Cristian RUJANOne of the causes determining low productions in grasslands are the soil depletion in nutritive elements, which are extracted through each crop without be replaced. A poor supply determines a slow growth of plants and reduces in the same time the concentration of these elements in the harvested biomass (AERTS And CHAPIN, 2000). The main goal of this paper is to compare the green mass productions obtained in the grassland of Vârciorova, as result of fertilization with mineral fertilizers, using the Duncan test. In order to do this, we settled an experiment with 10 experimental variants of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in different doses (V1-V10). To elaborate this paper we considered the mean production obtained within the experimental cycle 2006-2008. Results showed the existence of production differences statistically assured between V1 – the unfertilized variant and all other variants fertilized with chemical fertilizers, and concerning the gradually application of nitrogen it was found that it determines production increases, fact highlighted by the production differences between V7, V9 and V10, which are statistically assured.
more abstractnatural grassland, chemical fertilization, production, Duncan test.
Presentation: oral
DownloadAPPLYING THE MAIN IN GREEN OPERATIONS TO SILVANIA GRAPE VARIETY CULTIVATED IN THE DIDACTIC STATION TIMISOARA pag. 207-209
Ciprian BLIDARIU, Alin DOBREIVine culture in our country has an old tradition, being an ancient occupation that needs specific knowledge, sometimes close to art. The future vine culture will be different than the actual one and it has to consider the environmental factors and the rational appliance of all production methods so that there will be respected the standards for products’ quality and the protection of the environment. The culture technologies must be applied differently from one vine culture area to another, from one variety to another, considering the principles of organic vine culture so that the toxic impact upon the environment and vine products to be reduced at minimum. In this article we followed the regulation of vine growth and fructification processes, which is done by, works and operations in green, as a group of works applied on the stock, during the vegetation period. In green period works and operations have a complex of agrotechnical measures that complete pruning done in the dormant period for a better distribution of vegetation so that there will be a larger photosynthetic surface, which can increase the productive potential of vines. The researches followed the impact of these works and operations done in green period upon the quality and quantity of grapes’ production from Silvania variety, a table grape variety which responds pretty well to these works. The best results were obtained in variant 16 th where there were applied in complex all of the operations (n + p + s + t) and downwards are variants 15 th and 14 th (n + p + t).
more abstractin green operations, grapes, pinching, in green works
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE DEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE MAIN PRODUCTION CHARACTERS IN VARIETY EMINENT OF LOLIUM PERENNE pag. 210-215
Mihaela CORCHES, Luminiţa COJOCARIU, Irina JURMESCUThe adaptability of a cultivar is generally defined as the genetic feature which enables the plant to give yields that are both high and stable in different environmental conditions. The result of the interaction between the cultivar and the environment is expressed in the adaptability and yield stability of that specific cultivar. (Savatti, 2004). Introducing new varieties of fodder grasses, which are better from the point of view of their quality and quantity than the current ones, is a necessity, since the creation of intensive grasslands is the most important measure towards an increase in the production of forage. This paper aims at finding the dependence between the main production characters in variety Eminent of Lolium perenne. The variability study of the main characters (tiller height, number of vegetative tillers, plant weight, foliar surface) was made on the basis of biometric determinations. We determined linear correlations among the above-mentioned morphologic characters and then, based on these correlations, we ran a principal component analysis. In order to reach this goal, we studied variety Eminent in 2009 trying to find the influence of tiller number, tiller height and foliar surface on the weight of the plant. The investigated characters are more or less dependent on one another; each of these influences plant weight to some extent. There is significant positive linear correlation between the number of tillers and plant weight; between tiller height and plant weight; between the number of tillers and plant weight for Eminent variety of Lolium perenne . In conclusion, the correlation between plant weight, tiller number and plant weight is positive. An exception is the character of foliar surface, where the correlation between plant weight, number of tillers, tiller height and foliar surface is negative and statistically insignificant. Based on these correlations, we established the functional dependences among these well-correlated morphological characters, for Eminent variety. Thus, an increase in the number of tillers and plant size influences in a positive way the plant weight in Eminent variety of Lolium perenne The results of our research show that an increase in tiller number and height has a positive influence on plant weight for variety Eminent of Lolium perenne .
more abstractLolium perenne, Arid III, production characteristics, depencences.
Presentation: oral
DownloadASSESSING NEW FOREIGN VARIETIES OF FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA IN HAY MEADOW MANAGEMENT REGIME pag. 216-219
Mihaela CORCHES, Luminiţa COJOCARIU, Cristian RUJANThe yield of cultivars varies largely from their genetic productive potential, in relation to the environmental conditions and to their adaptability or tolerance to the main limiting factors (diseases, pests, unfavourable climatic conditions, genetic vulnerability. (Savatti, 2004). This paper aims at finding the productive potential of three foreign varieties of Festuca arundinacea, under Banat Plain conditions. In order to reach this goal, we studied three varieties of Festuca arundinacea in the experimental cycle 2008-2010 from the point of view of their dry matter y From the analysis of the synthesis of dry matter yields obtained in hay meadow management regime , by varieties of Festuca arundinacea , studied under the conditions in Timişoara, we notice that the best yields were recorded by variety Arid III (116.43 q.ha -1 ), being followed by Durango (average yield 2008-2010 of 108.37 q.ha -1 ) and variety Eminent (average yield 2008-2010, of 100.13 q.ha -1 ). Because the dry matter yields obtained by the three varieties of Festuca arundinacea are close, the yield differences are not ensured statistically. All three varieties of Festuca arundinacea obtained in the third year, 2010, their best yields, presenting great genetic homeostasis, which gives them the chance to adapt easily to the climatic conditions in Timişoara.ield in hay meadow management regime. The results show that all three varieties of Festuca arundinacea under study display high genetic homeostasis, which allows them to adapt very quickly to the climatic conditions in Timişoara, giving very good dry matter yields.
more abstractFestuca arundinacea, variety, yield
Presentation: oral
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